Alternative for HPC22 after repairs in the drinking water distribution system.

There is a risk of contamination by (pathogenic) microorganisms from the outside environment into the drinking water during maintenance or pipe breaches in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and, consequently, the drinking water distributed to consumers may result in possible detrimental effects on public health. Traditional time-consuming microbiological testing is, therefore, performed to confirm drinking water is not microbially contaminated. This is done by culturing methods of the faecal indicators Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and the technical parameters coliform bacteria and heterotrophic plate counts at 22 °C (HPC22).

From papers to RDF-based integration of physicochemical data and adverse outcome pathways for nanomaterials.

Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) have been proposed to facilitate mechanistic understanding of interactions of chemicals/materials with biological systems. Each AOP starts with a molecular initiating event (MIE) and possibly ends with adverse outcome(s) (AOs) via a series of key events (KEs). So far, the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with biomolecules, biomembranes, cells, and biological structures, in general, is not yet fully elucidated.

Targeting pediatric cancers via T-cell recognition of the monomorphic MHC class I-related protein MR1.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction of conventional T-cell targeting introduces complexity in generating T-cell therapy strategies for patients with cancer with diverse HLA-backgrounds. A subpopulation of atypical, major histocompatibility complex-I related protein 1 (MR1)-restricted T-cells, distinctive from mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAITs), was recently identified recognizing currently unidentified MR1-presented cancer-specific metabolites. It is hypothesized that the MC.

TREYESCAN: configuration of an eye tracking test for the measurement of compensatory eye movements in patients with visual field defects.

The Traffic Eye Scanning and Compensation Analyzer (TREYESCAN) is introduced as an innovative eye tracking test designed to measure compensatory eye movements in individuals with visual field defects. The primary objective of the test is to quantitatively assess and analyze the compensatory eye movements employed by patients with visual field defects while viewing videos of various traffic scenes from the viewpoint of a driver of a passenger car. The filming process involved capturing a wide range of driving conditions and hazards, aiming to replicate real-world scenarios.

The Bigger Fish: A Comparison of Meta-Learning QSAR Models on Low-Resourced Aquatic Toxicity Regression Tasks.

Toxicological information as needed for risk assessments of chemical compounds is often sparse. Unfortunately, gathering new toxicological information experimentally often involves animal testing. Simulated alternatives, e.

Trophozoite fitness dictates the intestinal epithelial cell response to Giardia intestinalis infection.

Giardia intestinalis is a non-invasive, protozoan parasite infecting the upper small intestine of most mammals. Symptomatic infections cause the diarrhoeal disease giardiasis in humans and animals, but at least half of the infections are asymptomatic. However, the molecular underpinnings of these different outcomes of the infection are still poorly defined.

Time-Lapse Imaging of Inflammasome-Dependent Cell Death and Extrusion in Enteroid-Derived Intestinal Epithelial Monolayers.

Inflammasome-induced cell death is an epithelium-intrinsic innate immune response to pathogenic onslaught on epithelial barriers, caused by invasive microbes such as Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). Pattern recognition receptors detect pathogen- or damage-associated ligands and elicit inflammasome formation.

Fast and Informative Model Selection Using Learning Curve Cross-Validation.

Common cross-validation (CV) methods like k-fold cross-validation or Monte Carlo cross-validation estimate the predictive performance of a learner by repeatedly training it on a large portion of the given data and testing it on the remaining data. These techniques have two major drawbacks. First, they can be unnecessarily slow on large datasets.

A toolkit for wide-screen dynamic area of interest measurements using the Pupil Labs Core Eye Tracker.

Eye tracking measurements taken while watching a wide field screen are challenging to perform. Commercially available remote eye trackers typically do not measure more than 35 degrees in eccentricity. Analysis software was developed using the Pupil Core Eye Tracking data to analyze viewing behavior under circumstances as natural as possible, on a 1.

European Registry of Materials: global, unique identifiers for (undisclosed) nanomaterials.

Management of nanomaterials and nanosafety data needs to operate under the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) principles and this requires a unique, global identifier for each nanomaterial. Existing identifiers may not always be applicable or sufficient to definitively identify the specific nanomaterial used in a particular study, resulting in the use of textual descriptions in research project communications and reporting. To ensure that internal project documentation can later be linked to publicly released data and knowledge for the specific nanomaterials, or even to specific batches and variants of nanomaterials utilised in that project, a new identifier is proposed: the European Registry of Materials Identifier.

High-Definition DIC Imaging Uncovers Transient Stages of Pathogen Infection Cycles on the Surface of Human Adult Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Epithelium.

Interactions between individual pathogenic microbes and host tissues involve fast and dynamic processes that ultimately impact the outcome of infection. Using live-cell microscopy, these dynamics can be visualized to study, e.g.

Enhanced Collagen Deposition in the Duodenum of Patients with Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome and Protein Losing Enteropathy.

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS), resulting from mutations, is an ultra-rare disease that causes intestinal lymphangiectasia and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). The mechanisms leading to the gastrointestinal phenotype in these patients are not well defined. We present two patients with congenital diarrhea, severe PLE and unique clinical features resulting from deleterious mutations.

A Semi-Automated Workflow for FAIR Maturity Indicators in the Life Sciences.

Data sharing and reuse are crucial to enhance scientific progress and maximize return of investments in science. Although attitudes are increasingly favorable, data reuse remains difficult due to lack of infrastructures, standards, and policies. The FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles aim to provide recommendations to increase data reuse.

Routine Fracture Fixation for a Periprosthetic Hip Fracture Below Birmingham Hip Resurfacing: A Case Report.

Case: We present a case of a 56-year-old man who sustained a basal cervical periprosthetic fracture around a well-fixed metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty (MoMHRA). Although several fixation methods have been described, there seems to be no consensus about the optimal fixation method for fractures around MoMHRAs. This fracture could be regarded as a Vancouver type-B1 or -C periprosthetic fracture, so we successfully treated our patient in a standard way with a dynamic hip screw (DHS) and one cannulated hip screw.

Empathic concern for children and the gender-donations gap.

This study uses a dictator game with a charitable organization as the donation recipient to test whether empathic concern explains persistent gender differences in charitable giving. We first explore whether we can evoke empathic concern by varying the content of a real-world charitable appeal video that highlights children's stories of struggle with access to clean water. Then we examine whether the evoked feelings help explain gender differences in donations.

Changes in the Bacterial Community Structure of Denitrifying Sludge from a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) After Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Enrichment.

The secondary metabolites geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are known to taint fish with an undesirable, earthy-muddy taste and odor. In an earlier study on a zero-discharge recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), it was found that geosmin and MIB were removed by microbial communities residing in sludge from the digestion basin of the system. In the present study, 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify changes in relative abundances of bacterial taxa in geosmin and MIB-enriched crude sludge.

Multi-task learning with a natural metric for quantitative structure activity relationship learning.

The goal of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) learning is to learn a function that, given the structure of a small molecule (a potential drug), outputs the predicted activity of the compound. We employed multi-task learning (MTL) to exploit commonalities in drug targets and assays. We used datasets containing curated records about the activity of specific compounds on drug targets provided by ChEMBL.

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids.

Dietary lipids are taken up as free fatty acids (FAs) by the intestinal epithelium. These FAs are intracellularly converted into triglyceride (TG) molecules, before they are packaged into chylomicrons for transport to the lymph or into cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) for intracellular storage. A crucial step for the formation of LDs is the catalytic activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) in the final step of TG synthesis.

DGAT2 partially compensates for lipid-induced ER stress in human DGAT1-deficient intestinal stem cells.

Dietary lipids are taken up as FAs by the intestinal epithelium and converted by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes into triglycerides, which are packaged in chylomicrons or stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs). DGAT1-deficient patients suffer from vomiting, diarrhea, and protein losing enteropathy, illustrating the importance of this process to intestinal homeostasis. Previously, we have shown that DGAT1 deficiency causes decreased LD formation and resistance to unsaturated FA lipotoxicity in patient-derived intestinal organoids.

QM/MM study of the taxadiene synthase mechanism.

Combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations were used to investigate the reaction mechanism of taxadiene synthase (TXS). TXS catalyzes the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to taxadiene (T) and four minor cyclic products. All these products originate from the deprotonation of carbocation intermediates.

Human Fetal TNF-α-Cytokine-Producing CD4 Effector Memory T Cells Promote Intestinal Development and Mediate Inflammation Early in Life.

Although the fetal immune system is considered tolerogenic, preterm infants can suffer from severe intestinal inflammation, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Here, we demonstrate that human fetal intestines predominantly contain tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)CD4CD69 T effector memory (Tem) cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of fetal intestinal CD4 T cells showed a T helper 1 phenotype and expression of genes mediating epithelial growth and cell cycling.

An ATG16L1-dependent pathway promotes plasma membrane repair and limits Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread.

Plasma membrane integrity is essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells. In response to bacterial pore-forming toxins, disrupted regions of the membrane are rapidly repaired. However, the pathways that mediate plasma membrane repair are unclear.

One-Dimensional C NMR Is a Simple and Highly Quantitative Method for Enantiodiscrimination.

The discrimination of enantiomers of mandelonitrile by means of 1D C NMR and with the aid of the chiral solvating agent (S)-(+)-1-(9-anthryl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFAE) is presented. ¹H NMR fails for this specific compound because proton signals either overlap with the signals of the chiral solvating agent or do not show separation between the (S)-enantiomer and the (R)-enantiomer. The C NMR method is validated by preparing artificial mixtures of the (R)-enantiomer and the racemate, and it is shown that with only 4 mg of mandelonitrile a detection limit of the minor enantiomer of 0.