Outcome of posterior short segment fixation with implanting pedicle screw at the fractured level for treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.

Introduction: Thoracolumbar fractures make up majority of the spinal fractures. Various techniques including long, short, mono and short segment screw fixation have been used to achieve stability. There are still few studies describing the results of short segment fixation with intermediate screw fixation in fractured vertebrae, despite the fact that all have adequate efficacy and stability.

Conquering Phagophobia: A Journey to Overcoming the Fear of Choking.

Phagophobia is a rare and debilitating mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of choking solid food or liquids. Usually there is no underlying anatomical or physiological abnormalities. Choking phobia can lead to the avoidance of solid foods and liquids.

Proteomic Analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum by Mass Spectrometry.

The large-scale proteomic analysis of Dictyostelium discoideum has contributed to our understanding of intracellular as well as secreted proteins in this versatile model eukaryote. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis is a robust, sensitive, and rapid analytical method for identification and characterization of proteins extracted from tissues, cells, cell fractions, or pull-down assays. The availability of core facilities which make proteomics inexpensive and easy to do has facilitated a wide range of research projects.

PTEN and the PTEN-like phosphatase CnrN have both distinct and overlapping roles in a Dictyostelium chemorepulsion pathway.

Little is known about eukaryotic chemorepulsion. The enzymes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and CnrN dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Dictyostelium discoideum cells require both PTEN and CnrN to induce chemorepulsion of cells away from the secreted chemorepellent protein AprA.

Budgeting and Advocacy to Improve Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Health Care Facilities: A Case Study in Nepal.

Barriers to achieving and sustaining access to water, sanitation, hygiene, cleaning, and waste management (WASH) in health care facilities include a lack of supportive policy environment and adequate funding. While guidelines exist for assessing needs and making initial infrastructure improvements, there is little guidance on how to develop budgets and policies to sustain WASH services. We conducted costing and advocacy activities in Thakurbaba municipality, Nepal, to develop a budget and operations and maintenance policy for WASH in health care facilities in partnership with the municipal government.

Gallein potentiates isoniazid's ability to suppress growth.

(), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), can be difficult to treat because of drug tolerance. Increased intracellular polyphosphate (polyP) in enhances tolerance to antibiotics, and capsular polyP in potentiates resistance to antimicrobials. The mechanism by which bacteria utilize polyP to adapt to antimicrobial pressure is not known.

PTEN and the PTEN-like phosphatase CnrN have both distinct and overlapping roles in a chemorepulsion pathway.

The directed movement of eukaryotic cells is crucial for processes such as embryogenesis and immune cell trafficking. The enzyme Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P ] to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P ]. cells require both PTEN and the PTEN-like phosphatase CnrN to locally inhibit Ras activation to induce biased movement of cells away from the secreted chemorepellent protein AprA.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, septic adrenal apoplexy.

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome is a rare but potentially fatal disorder of the adrenal gland characterized by bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. It is classically a result of meningococcal sepsis and presents acutely with features of shock, petechial rashes, abdominal pain, and non-specific symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and vomiting. Treatment consists of fluid resuscitation, corticosteroid replacement, and possibly surgery.

Gallein and isoniazid act synergistically to attenuate growth in human macrophages.

(), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), can be difficult to treat because of drug resistance. Increased intracellular polyphosphate (polyP) in enhances resistance to antibiotics, and capsular polyP in potentiates resistance to antimicrobials. The mechanism by which bacteria utilize polyP to adapt to antimicrobial pressure is not known.

A conceptual analysis of SBIRT implementation alongside the continuum of PrEP awareness: domains of fit and feasibility.

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a supplementary intervention that can be incorporated into the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum, complementing initiatives and endeavors focused on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention in clinical care and community-based work. Referencing the Transtheoretical Model of Change and the PrEP Awareness Continuum, this conceptual analysis highlights how SBIRT amplifies ongoing HIV prevention initiatives and presents a distinct chance to address identified gaps. SBIRT's mechanisms show promise of fit and feasibility through (a) implementing universal Screening (S), (b) administering a Brief Intervention (BI) grounded in motivational interviewing aimed at assisting individuals in recognizing the significance of PrEP in their lives, (c) providing an affirming and supportive Referral to Treatment (RT) to access clinical PrEP care, and (d) employing client-centered and destigmatized approaches.

Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges.

The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies depending on the outbreak and virus strain, but the average case fatality rate is around 50%. However, case fatality rates have varied from 24 to 88% in past outbreaks depending on virus strain and case management. Designated a priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, and coagulation issues in both humans and non-human primates.

Polyphosphate uses mTOR, pyrophosphate, and Rho GTPase components to potentiate bacterial survival in .

Although most bacteria are quickly killed after phagocytosis by a eukaryotic cell, some pathogenic bacteria escape death after phagocytosis. Pathogenic species secrete polyP, and the polyP is necessary for the bacteria to prevent their killing after phagocytosis. Conversely, exogenous polyP prevents the killing of ingested bacteria that are normally killed after phagocytosis by human macrophages and the eukaryotic microbe .

A proposed management classification for spinal brucellosis from India.

Introduction: The myriad presentation of osteoarticular brucellosis make the patient seek the help of general practitioners, orthopaedic and rheumatology specialists. Moreover, the lack of disease-specific symptomatology is the leading cause of the delay in diagnosing osteoarticular brucellosis. Given the increasing number of spinal brucellosis cases across the country, no literature is presented on the systematic management of spinal brucellosis.

Glycogen storage disease in two sisters: A case report.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare autosomal disorders that result from defects in glycogen metabolism. There are more than 12 types, each with distinct clinical features. Clinical scenario, biochemical abnormalities are useful for suspicion whereas liver biopsy and enzyme assay provides definite diagnosis.

Molecular simulation, vibrational spectroscopy and global reactivity descriptors of pseudoephedrine molecule in different phases and states.

The ground state molecular energy, vibrational frequencies and HOMO-LUMO analysis of the title compound have been calculated with density functional theory in the B3LYP/6-311 + G (d,p) basis set using Gaussian 09 W software. The FT-IR spectrum of pseudoephedrine has been computed in the gas phase and in the presence of solvent water both in neutral and anionic structures. The TED assignments of the vibrational spectra have been assigned in the selected intense region.

Starvation Induces Extracellular Accumulation of Polyphosphate in to Inhibit Macropinocytosis, Phagocytosis, and Exocytosis.

is a soil-dwelling unicellular eukaryote that accumulates extracellular polyphosphate (polyP). At high cell densities, when the cells are about to overgrow their food supply and starve, the corresponding high extracellular concentrations of polyP allow the cells to preemptively anticipate starvation, inhibit proliferation, and prime themselves to begin development. In this report, we show that starved cells accumulate cell surface and extracellular polyP.

Drug Resistance Patterns of Commonly Used Antibiotics for the Treatment of Infection among South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: In South Asia, resistance to commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of infection is increasing. Despite this, accurate estimates of overall antibiotic resistance are missing. Thus, this review aims to analyze the resistance rates of commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of in South Asia.

Starvation induces extracellular accumulation of polyphosphate in to inhibit macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and exocytosis.

is a soil-dwelling unicellular eukaryote that accumulates extracellular polyphosphate (polyP). At high cell densities, when the cells are about to overgrow their food supply and starve, the corresponding high extracellular concentrations of polyP allow the cells to preemptively anticipate starvation, inhibit proliferation, and prime themselves to begin development. In this report, we show that starved cells accumulate cell surface and extracellular polyP.

Protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with non-adherence to antidepressants in depressive disorders in those more than 18 years of age.

Objective: We have developed a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressants in depressive patients more than 18 years of age.

Methods: We will search articles with the databases PubMed- Medline, Scopus, Embase and PsychINFO. All the published literature reporting factors associated with nonadherence to antidepressants in depressive disorders in patients more than 18 years of age and fulfilling all the eligibility criteria till October 2022 will be included.

Quantum chemical calculations of nicotine and caffeine molecule in gas phase and solvent using DFT methods.

In this study, the molecular structures of nicotine and caffeine molecule have been generated using the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set in the DFT/B3LYP method. The molecules were optimized on the same basis set and their minimum stable energy was calculated. The HOMO-LUMO energies were calculated to establish the kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of the chosen compounds.

Study to Assess Level of Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Scheduled for Surgery.

Background: Pre-operative anxiety is unpleasant state of tension or uneasiness that results from patient doubt and fear before an operation. This study aims at assessing level of state and trait anxiety and other associated factors among preoperative patient.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 195 patients above 18 years of age planned for elective surgery the following day in different departments in tertiary care center.

RE-INVENTING CYANOACRYLATE RETINOPEXY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: LITERATURE REVIEW AND CASE SERIES.

Purpose: We report use of cyanoacrylate (N-butyl-Cyanoacrylate) in previously failed retinal reattachment surgeries for chorio-retinal colobomas. We report the surgical technique, its challenges, and long-term outcomes in three patients who underwent the surgery.

Methods: A chart review of patients with chorio-retinal colobomas and retinal detachment repair with cyanoacrylate at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal.