A Rare Case Report on Massive Pleural Effusion due to Chronic Necrotizing Pancreatitis and its Management.

Hemorrhagic pleural effusion as the sole manifestation of pancreatitis is exceedingly rare and often presents diagnostic challenges due to its misleading symptoms. We report the case of an adult male with a large left-sided black pleural effusion secondary to chronic necrotizing pancreatitis. The patient presented with progressive shortness of breath and cough, with a history of alcohol use and a previous diagnosis of acute severe pancreatitis.

A locally administered single-cycle influenza vaccine expressing a non-fusogenic stabilized hemagglutinin stimulates strong T-cell and neutralizing antibody immunity.

Unlabelled: Current influenza vaccination approaches protect against specific viral strains, but do not consistently induce broad and long-lasting protection to the diversity of circulating influenza viruses. Single-cycle viruses delivered to the respiratory tract may offer a promising solution as they safely express a diverse array of viral antigens by undergoing just one round of cell infection in their host and stimulate broadly protective resident memory T-cell responses in the lung. We have previously developed a vaccine candidate called S-FLU, which is limited to a single cycle of infection by inactivation of the hemagglutinin signal sequence and induces a broadly cross-reactive T-cell response and antibodies to neuraminidase, but fails to induce neutralizing antibodies to hemagglutinin after intranasal administration.

Challenges and Progress in Neurosurgery: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Landscape in Nepal.

A large portion of the global population lacks access to essential surgical care, despite surgical conditions contributing significantly to the overall burden of disease worldwide. This burden is heaviest in developing countries like Nepal, where disparities in access to surgery for neurosurgical disorders stem from health system failures including an inadequate neurosurgical workforce, lack of requisite neurosurgical equipment, and challenges in perioperative care. By bibliometric analysis of neurosurgery-related publications in Nepal through PubMed search using the search terms "Neurosurg* AND Nepal", we have found a total of 528 articles with a notable increase in the number of such publications from 14 to 25 between 2015 and 2016, with over 300 published in 2021, 2022, and 2023.

Infantile Subglottic Hemangioma: A Case ReportInfantile Subglottic Hemangioma: A Case Report.

Subglottic hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors of infancy which involve the airway. It is a subtype of infantile hemangiomas and is a potentially life-threatening condition with a mortality rate of 50% if left untreated. Hence, early intervention in this condition is essential.

A broadly-neutralizing antibody against glycoprotein that potentiates the breadth and neutralization potency of other antibodies.

Ebolavirus disease (EVD) is caused by multiple species of . Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the virus glycoprotein (GP) are the only class of therapeutic approved for treatment of EVD caused by (EBOV). Therefore, mAbs targeting multiple species may represent the next generation of EVD therapeutics.

The presence of broadly neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies elicited by primary series and booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Antibody-mediated immunity plays a key role in protection against SARS-CoV-2. We characterized B-cell-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody repertoires from vaccinated and infected individuals and elucidate the mechanism of action of broadly neutralizing antibodies and dissect antibodies at the epitope level. The breadth and clonality of anti-RBD B cell response varies among individuals.

Semmaphorin 3 A causes immune suppression by inducing cytoskeletal paralysis in tumour-specific CD8 T cells.

Semaphorin-3A (SEMA3A) functions as a chemorepulsive signal during development and can affect T cells by altering their filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton. The exact extent of these effects on tumour-specific T cells are not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and Plexin-A1 and Plexin-A4 are upregulated on stimulated CD8 T cells, allowing tumour-derived SEMA3A to inhibit T cell migration and assembly of the immunological synapse.

A rare case of Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2: A case report and literature review.

Key Clinical Message: Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2 should be suspected in any young patient presenting with isolated indirect hyperbilirubinemia where all other common etiologies have been excluded. It is a relatively benign condition that responds to phenobarbitone.

Abstract: Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) type 2 is an inborn cause of isolated indirect hyperbilirubinemia characterized by a partial deficiency of the enzyme uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for bilirubin conjugation.

A direct contact pig influenza challenge model for assessing protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used to complement immunization for the therapy of influenza virus infection. We have established the pig, a natural large animal host for influenza A, with many physiological, immunological, and anatomical similarities to humans, as an appropriate model for testing mAbs. We have evaluated the protective efficacy of the strongly neutralizing human anti-hemagglutinin mAb, 2-12C in the pig influenza model.

Subclinical right ventricular dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which involves both the right and left ventricles, progresses from a preclinical stage to overt heart failure. Detection of this entity at a preclinical stage could be crucial in intervening to halt its progression to overt heart failure. There is a paucity of literature on subclinical RV dysfunction in diabetic patients, and it is even rarer in the Indian literature.

A review of broadly protective monoclonal antibodies to treat Ebola virus disease.

The filovirus vaccine and the therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) research have made substantial progress. However, existing vaccines and mAbs approved for use in humans are specific to Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV). Since other Ebolavirus species are a continuing threat to public health, the search for broadly protective mAbs has drawn attention.

Kimura disease: A rare cause of painless lymphadenopathy in South Asia.

Kimura disease is an uncommon disease entity that typically involves the lymph nodes predominantly in the head and neck region together with frequent involvement of salivary glands. Very few cases of it have been reported in literature globally, and in the context of India, it is even rare. Early suspicion of Kimura disease may prevent the patient from unnecessary invasive diagnostic tests.

Post COVID-19 condition after delta infection and omicron reinfection in children and adolescents.

Background: The burden of COVID-19 in children and adolescents has increased during the delta and omicron waves, necessitating studies of long-term symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea and cognitive problems. Furthermore, immune responses in relation to persisting symptoms in younger people have not been well characterised. In this cohort study, we investigated the role of antibodies, vaccination and omicron reinfection upon persisting and long-term symptoms up to 8 months post-delta infection.

Prolonged asymptomatic venom induced consumption coagulopathy: Caused by hemotoxic snake bite.

Envenoming and deaths resulting from snake bite are a particularly important public health problem in the tropical world, with the highest burden in rural areas of South East Asia and Africa. Snake bite is one of the most severe "Neglected Tropical Diseases" in the world and more importantly in this part of India. We present a case of hemotoxic snake bite where the coagulation parameters remained deranged for a longer time without any active bleeding manifestations, despite treatment with Anti-Snake Venom (ASV) as per the National Treatment Guidelines.

Structural basis for a conserved neutralization epitope on the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2.

Antibody-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We isolated a panel of neutralizing anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies elicited upon natural infection and vaccination and showed that they recognize an immunogenic patch on the internal surface of the core RBD, which faces inwards and is hidden in the "down" state. These antibodies broadly neutralize wild type (Wuhan-Hu-1) SARS-CoV-2, Beta and Delta variants and some are effective against other sarbecoviruses.

Recombinant single-cycle influenza virus with exchangeable pseudotypes allows repeated immunization to augment anti-tumour immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Virus-based tumour vaccines offer many advantages compared to other antigen-delivering systems. They generate concerted innate and adaptive immune response, and robust CD8 T cell responses. We engineered a non-replicating pseudotyped influenza virus (S-FLU) to deliver the well-known cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1 (NY-ESO-1 S-FLU).

Suspected illegal abortion and unsafe abortion leading to uterine rupture and incomplete abortion: A case report.

Introduction: Unsafe abortions are more prevalent in developing countries and countries with restrictive abortion laws, and can lead to significant maternal mortality. Usually, the presentation includes abdominal pain, fever and vaginal bleeding.

Case Presentation: We reported the case of a female in her twenties in her second trimester of pregnancy following unsafe abortion.

Antigenic Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Use against H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.

Since 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1,500 human infections and the culling of millions of poultry. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination, H7N9 AIVs continue to circulate among poultry in China and pose a threat to human health. Previously, we isolated and generated four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV.

Bilateral Upper Limb Symmetrical Digital Gangrene: A Rare Presentation of Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease present most commonly in young women, characterized by the presence of antibodies against various phospholipids and culminating in alteration of the flow of blood, leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. Although it can present with a wide range of manifestations, digital gangrene is one of the important ones. We present a case of a young female with antiphospholipid syndrome who presented with acute onset bilateral upper limb symmetrical digital gangrene with prior history of multiple fetal losses.

Solvent Effects on the Temperature Dependence of Hydride Kinetic Isotope Effects: Correlation to the Donor-Acceptor Distances.

Protein structural effects on the temperature () dependence of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in H-tunneling reactions have recently been used to discuss about the role of enzyme thermal motions in catalysis. Frequently observed nearly -independent KIEs in the wild-type enzymes and -dependent KIEs in variants suggest that H-tunneling in the former is assisted by the naturally evolved protein constructive vibrations that help sample short donor-acceptor distances (DADs) needed. This explanation that correlates the -dependence of KIEs with DAD sampling has been highly debated as simulations following other H-tunneling models sometimes gave alternative explanations.

Immune responses to Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV in individuals in Sri Lanka.

As there are limited data of the immunogenicity of the Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV in different populations, antibody responses against different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and T cell responses, we investigated the immunogenicity of the vaccine, in individuals in Sri Lanka. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured in 282 individuals who were seronegative at baseline, and ACE2 receptor blocking antibodies, antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the wild-type (WT), alpha, beta and delta variants, ex vivo and cultured IFNγ ELISpot assays, intracellular cytokine secretion assays and B cell ELISpot assays were carried out in a sub cohort of the vaccinees at 4 and 6 weeks (2 weeks after the second dose). Ninety-five percent of the vaccinees seroconverted, although the seroconversion rates were significantly lower (p < 0.

Fc-Mediated Functions of Porcine IgG Subclasses.

The pig is an important agricultural species and powerful biomedical model. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies provide protection through neutralization and recruitment of innate effector functions through the Fc domain.