Finnish diabetes-related quality of life questionnaire for children and adolescents: Reliability and validity.

Aim: To study the psychometric properties, reliability and validity of the FinDiab quality-of-life questionnaire (FDQL), a strength-oriented quality-of-life (QOL) questionnaire for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Participants were 215 youths with T1D (aged 10-17 years). They completed FDQL and comparison questionnaires (KINDL-R and SDQ).

Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in parenting styles between mothers of children with type 1 diabetes and mothers of healthy children and to explore relationships between parenting styles and glycemic control of children with diabetes. Mothers of 63 children with diabetes and mothers of 83 children without diabetes reported their parenting styles using the Blocks' Child Rearing Practices Report, when their child was 9⁻10 years old. Glycemic control of the children with diabetes was evaluated 1 year after diagnosis (<6 years of age) and at the time of the study (at 9⁻10 years).

The effect of hypoglycaemia on neurocognitive outcome in children and adolescents with transient or persistent congenital hyperinsulinism.

Aim: To examine the hypoglycaemic effect on neurodevelopmental outcome in patients with transient and persistent congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) born in the 21 century.

Method: A cohort of 117 patients (66 males, 51 females) with CHI aged 5 to 16 years (mean age 8y 11mo, SD 2y 7mo) were selected from a Finnish nationwide registry to examine all the patients with similar methods. Neurodevelopment was first evaluated retrospectively.

Psychological distress of children with early-onset type 1 diabetes and their mothers' well-being.

Aim: Few studies have focused on the psychological adjustment of pre-adolescent children with type 1 diabetes. This study examined psychosocial functioning in nine- and 10-year-old children with early-onset type 1 diabetes, and their mothers, and associations between psychosocial functioning and diabetes management.

Methods: The mothers of 63 children with early-onset diabetes and 86 healthy children evaluated their own psychosocial functioning, and their child's, with standardised rating scales.

[Is it necessary to monitor the cognitive development of a child having diabetes?].

Metabolic disorders associated with type 1 diabetes may affect brain function both momentarily during excessively low or high blood glucose levels and by causing permanent alterations. These may have an influence on the cognitive development of a child who has been diagnosed with diabetes at a very young age. Significant learning problems are rare, but their early detection and appropriate support are part of good clinical practice.

Academic skills in children with early-onset type 1 diabetes: the effects of diabetes-related risk factors.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the effects of diabetes-related risk factors, especially severe hypoglycaemia,on the academic skills of children with early-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Method: The study comprised 63 children with T1DM (31 females, 32 males; mean age 9 y 11 mo,SD 4 mo) and 92 comparison children without diabetes (40 females, 52 males;mean age 9 y 9 mo,SD 3 mo). Children were included if T1DM had been diagnosed before the age of 5 years and if they were aged between 9 and 10 years at the time of study.

Verbal and academic skills in children with early-onset type 1 diabetes.

Aim: Basic verbal and academic skills can be adversely affected by early-onset diabetes, although these skills have been studied less than other cognitive functions. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of learning deficits in children with diabetes by assessing basic verbal and academic skills in children with early-onset diabetes and in comparison children. In addition, the incidence of dyslexia (< or =10th centile in reading speed or reading-spelling accuracy) was studied.

Neurocognitive functioning in children with type-1 diabetes with and without episodes of severe hypoglycaemia.

Previous studies have shown that recurrent severe hypoglycaemia can cause long-term cognitive impairment in children with type-1 diabetes, but the results are controversial, possibly due to the heterogeneity of samples and lack of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments of children. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of diabetes and severe hypoglycaemia on the neurocognitive functioning of children with a standardized, wide age-range neuropsychological test battery designed for the assessment of children. Eleven children with diabetes and a history of severe hypoglycaemia, 10 children with diabetes without a history of severe hypoglycaemia, and 10 healthy control children (a total of 31 children: 14 males and 17 females, age range 5 years 6 months to 11 years 11 months, mean 9 years 4 months, SD 1 year 11 months) were studied using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the NEPSY, a Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment.