Inherited infertility: Mapping loci associated with impaired female reproduction.

Female infertility is a common and complex health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. While multiple factors can contribute to this condition, the underlying cause remains elusive in up to 15%-30% of affected individuals. In our large genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 22,849 women with infertility and 198,989 control individuals from the Finnish population cohort FinnGen, we unveil a landscape of genetic factors associated with the disorder.

Y chromosome sequencing data suggest dual paths of haplogroup N1a1 into Finland.

The paternally inherited Y chromosome is highly informative of genetic ancestry, therefore making it useful in studies of population history. In Finland, two Y-chromosomal haplogroups reveal the major substructure of the population: N1a1 enriched in the northeast and I1a in the southwest, suggested to reflect eastern and western ancestry contributions to the population. Yet, beyond these major Y-chromosomal lineages, the distribution of finer-scale Y-chromosomal variation has not been assessed in Finland.

Controlled synthesis and characterization of porous silicon nanoparticles for dynamic nuclear polarization.

Si nanoparticles (NPs) have been actively developed as a hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with an imaging window close to one hour. However, the progress in the development of NPs has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of their structural properties that correspond to efficient hyperpolarization buildup and long polarization decays. In this work we study dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of single crystal porous Si (PSi) NPs with defined doping densities ranging from nominally undoped to highly doped with boron or phosphorus.

Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA, Kallikrein Panel, and MRI: The ProScreen Randomized Trial.

Importance: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has potential to reduce prostate cancer mortality but frequently detects prostate cancer that is not clinically important.

Objective: To describe rates of low-grade (grade group 1) and high-grade (grade groups 2-5) prostate cancer identified among men invited to participate in a prostate cancer screening protocol consisting of a PSA test, a 4-kallikrein panel, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The ProScreen trial is a clinical trial conducted in Helsinki and Tampere, Finland, that randomized 61 193 men aged 50 through 63 years who were free of prostate cancer in a 1:3 ratio to either be invited or not be invited to undergo screening for prostate cancer between February 2018 and July 2020.

A feasible approach to measure metal concentrations in drill hole waters on site for mineral exploration.

The new technologies used in the green transition towards carbon-free societies typically demand extensive use of metals. This leads to a heavily growing need for exploration and extraction of ore deposits. Exploration can be facilitated by measuring metal concentrations in ground and surface waters carrying trace concentrations of metals leached from nearby deposits.

Robot-assisted versus three-dimensional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: 12-month outcomes of a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare functional and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) to three-dimensional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (3D-LRP) at 12 months after surgery.

Patients And Methods: Prospective randomised single-centre study of 145 consecutive men referred to radical prostatectomy in a tertiary referral centre in Finland. Patients were randomised 1:1 to the RALP (N = 75) and 3D-LRP (N = 70) groups.

Removing siloxanes and hydrogen sulfide from landfill gases with biochar and activated carbon filters.

Landfill gas (LFG) is formed by microorganisms within a landfill; it can be utilized as a renewable fuel in power plants. Impurities such as hydrogen sulfide and siloxanes can cause significant damage to gas engines and turbines. The aim of this study was to determine the filtration efficiencies of biochar products made of birch and willow to remove hydrogen sulfides, siloxanes, and volatile organic compounds from the gas streams compared to activated carbon.

Nasopharyngeal detection of atypical bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel in acutely ill children was associated with an increased risk of pneumonia.

Aim: We aimed to assess whether detection of respiratory bacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing associates with clinical outcomes in acutely ill children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled children under the age of 18 with a suspected respiratory infection treated in a paediatric emergency department of Oulu University Hospital, Finland from January 2015 through December 2015. Nasopharyngeal samples were routinely analysed for 16 respiratory viruses and later, after storage, analysed with a multiplex PCR panel for seven respiratory bacteria.

Including Information on Overdiagnosis in Shared Decision Making: A Review of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Aids.

Unlabelled: Overdiagnosis is an accepted harm of cancer screening, but studies of prostate cancer screening decision aids have not examined provision of information important in communicating the risk of overdiagnosis, including overdiagnosis frequency, competing mortality risk, and the high prevalence of indolent cancers in the population. We undertook a comprehensive review of all publicly available decision aids for prostate cancer screening, published in (or translated to) the English language, without date restrictions. We included all decision aids from a recent systematic review and screened excluded studies to identify further relevant decision aids.

Alteration in Light Spectra Causes Opposite Responses in Volatile Phenylpropanoids and Terpenoids Compared with Phenolic Acids in Sweet Basil () Leaves.

Basil (, cv. Dolly) grew under three different light spectra (A, B, and C) created by light-emitting diode lamps. The proportions of UV-A, blue, and green-yellow wavelengths decreased linearly from A to C, and the proportions of red and far-red wavelengths increased from A to C.

Real-Time On-Site Multielement Analysis of Environmental Waters with a Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) System.

Strict regulations are in place to control the effluents of mining sites and other industries. Heavy metal contamination of aquatic systems caused by leakages is difficult to mitigate as it takes time to detect and localize the leak. Dynamic sampling would drastically reduce the time to locate leakages and allow faster actions to reduce the impact on the environment.

Randomised double-blind phase 3 clinical study testing impact of atorvastatin on prostate cancer progression after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy: study protocol.

Introduction: Blood cholesterol is likely a risk factor for prostate cancer prognosis and use of statins is associated with lowered risk of prostate cancer recurrence and progression. Furthermore, use of statins has been associated with prolonged time before development of castration resistance (CR) during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. However, the efficacy of statins on delaying castration-resistance has not been tested in a randomised placebo-controlled setting.

Effects of elevated ozone and warming on terpenoid emissions and concentrations of Norway spruce depend on needle phenology and age.

Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) trees are affected by ongoing climate change, including warming and exposure to phytotoxic levels of ozone. Non-volatile terpenoids and volatile terpenoids (biogenic organic volatile compounds, BVOCs) protect spruce against biotic and abiotic stresses.

Colonic Delivery of α-Linolenic Acid by an Advanced Nutrient Delivery System Prolongs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion and Inhibits Food Intake in Mice.

Scope: Nutrients stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells which decreases food intake. Thus, GLP-1 analogs are approved for the treatment of obesity, yet cost and side effects limit their use. L-cells are mainly localized in the distal ileum and colon, which hinders the utilization of nutrients targeting GLP-1 secretion.

Detection of Prostate Cancer Using Biparametric Prostate MRI, Radiomics, and Kallikreins: A Retrospective Multicenter Study of Men With a Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Accurate detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), Gleason Grade Group ≥ 2, remains a challenge. Prostate MRI radiomics and blood kallikreins have been proposed as tools to improve the performance of biparametric MRI (bpMRI).

Purpose: To develop and validate radiomics and kallikrein models for the detection of csPCa.

Biogenic nanoporous silicon carrier improves the efficacy of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that is fatal if untreated. There is no vaccination against the disease, and the current chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective due to increased resistance and severe side effects. Buparvaquone is a potential drug against the leishmaniases, but it is highly hydrophobic resulting in poor bioavailability and low therapeutic efficacy.

Preservation of Endopelvic Fascia: Effects on Postoperative Incontinence and Sexual Function - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction are common after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP). New surgical techniques to improve these functions after the operation are under evaluation for example, preservation of endopelvic fascia during RALP. However, the benefits of this technique have not been critically scrutinized in a randomized setting.

Low-Load Metal-Assisted Catalytic Etching Produces Scalable Porosity in Si Powders.

The recently discovered low-load metal-assisted catalytic etching (LL-MACE) creates nanostructured Si with controllable and variable characteristics that distinguish this technique from the conventional high-load variant. LL-MACE employs 150 times less metal catalyst and produces porous Si instead of Si nanowires. In this work, we demonstrate that some of the features of LL-MACE cannot be explained by the present understanding of MACE.

Circulatory and prostatic tissue lipidomic profiles shifts after high-dose atorvastatin use in men with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer patients using cholesterol-lowering statins have 30% lower risk of prostate cancer death compared to non-users. The effect is attributed to the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, statin use causes lipoprotein metabolism changes in the serum.

Responses of soil-grown Scots pine seedlings to experimental warming, moderate nitrogen addition and bark herbivory in a three-year field experiment.

Increased soil nitrogen (N), warming and bark herbivory all are expected to affect boreal forests in the future. We studied the effects of warming (0.5 °C and 4.

Urine colour as an indicator for anastomotic leakage after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

To determine whether macroscopic haematuria predicts urethrovesical anastomotic leakage after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) as well as a cystogram. Participants were recruited before cystogram and catheter removal 5-14 days after RALP surgery. Urine colour in the collection bag was classified according to a three-step scale (clear, light red and dark red) and leakages in cystogram were graded with a four-step scale (Grade 0-3).

Controlling the Nature of Etched Si Nanostructures: High- versus Low-Load Metal-Assisted Catalytic Etching (MACE) of Si Powders.

Metal-assisted catalytic etching (MACE) involving Ag deposited on Si particles has been reported as a facile method for the production of Si nanowires (Si NWs). We show that the structure of Si particles subjected to MACE changes dramatically in response to changing the loading of the Ag catalyst. The use of acetic acid as a surfactant and controlled injection of AgNO(aq) enhanced Ag deposition.

Qualitative and Quantitative Reporting of a Unique Biparametric MRI: Towards Biparametric MRI-Based Nomograms for Prediction of Prostate Biopsy Outcome in Men With a Clinical Suspicion of Prostate Cancer (IMPROD and MULTI-IMPROD Trials).

Background: Multiparametric MRI of the prostate has been shown to improve the risk stratification of men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, long acquisition time, high cost, and inter-center/reader variability of a routine prostate multiparametric MRI limit its wider adoption.

Purpose: To develop and validate nomograms based on unique rapid biparametric MRI (bpMRI) qualitative and quantitative derived variables for prediction of clinically significant cancer (SPCa).