Association of hemoglobin levels with metabolic traits in women with PCOS.

Introduction: Within normal variation, higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels are associated with poorer metabolic profile in population cohorts, underlying the link between oxygen delivery and cell metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women and is commonly accompanied by metabolic derangements. In this study we sought to investigate Hb levels, and their metabolic associations, in women with PCOS.

miR-193b-5p and miR-374b-5p Are Aberrantly Expressed in Endometriosis and Suppress Endometrial Cell Migration In Vitro.

(1) Background: Endometriosis is a highly prevalent gynecological disease affecting 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. miRNAs may play a role in endometriosis, though their exact function remains unclear. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in endometriosis and study their functions in the disease.

Chronotypes in middle-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A population-based study.

Introduction: Circadian rhythm disruption has been associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as the evening chronotype (EC) shares several traits with PCOS, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that the biological clock could be targeted with new, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for PCOS in women with biorhythm disorders. We evaluated inner circadian rhythmicity in middle-aged women with PCOS in a population-based setting, focusing on whether women with PCOS and an EC have a specific subtype in relation to their clinical characteristics.

Human Endometrial Pericytes: A Comprehensive Overview of Their Physiological Functions and Implications in Uterine Disorders.

Pericytes are versatile cells integral to the blood vessel walls of the microcirculation, where they exhibit specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, and maintaining homeostasis and are involved in the tissue repair process. The human endometrium is a unique and complex tissue that serves as a natural scar-free healing model with its cyclical repair and regeneration process every month.

Roxadustat alleviates metabolic traits in letrozole-induced PCOS mice.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent disorder in women that is commonly accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is known to alleviate metabolic defects. Hence, this study utilized a preclinical PCOS mouse model to investigate the effects of chemically induced HIF activation on the metabolic traits of PCOS.

Women's health study (WENDY) - a protocol of a population-based study assessing gynecological and metabolic health in women in their mid-30s.

The Women's Health Study (WENDY) was conducted to improve insights into women's health and health burden. It provides a unique, comprehensive data source that can be broadly utilised to understand gynaecological symptoms, diseases, and their relation to metabolic and overall health more deeply in a population-based setting. The study was conducted in Finland from May 2020 to October 2022.

Association of Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With the Gut Microbiome in Middle-Aged Women: A Compositional Data Approach.

The beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on gut microbiome have been reported, nevertheless the findings are inconsistent, with the main limitation of subjective methods for assessing PA. It is well accepted that using an objective assessment of PA reduces the measurement error and also allows objective assessment of sedentary behavior (SB). We aimed to study the associations between accelerometer-assessed behaviors (i.

AI-algorithm training and validation for identification of endometrial CD138+ cells in infertility-associated conditions; polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Background: Endometrial CD138+ plasma cells serve as a diagnostic biomarker for endometrial inflammation, and their elevated occurrence correlates positively with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Infertility-related conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) are closely associated with systemic and local chronic inflammatory status, wherein endometrial CD138+ plasma cell accumulation could also contribute to endometrial pathology. Current methods for quantifying CD138+ cells typically involve laborious and time-consuming microscopic assessments of only a few random areas from a slide.

Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone levels in pre-menopausal women: novel genetic insights from a genome-wide association meta-analysis.

Study Question: Can a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis, including a large sample of young premenopausal women from a founder population from Northern Finland, identify novel genetic variants for circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and provide insights into single-nucleotide polymorphism enrichment in different biological pathways and tissues involved in AMH regulation?

Summary Answer: The meta-analysis identified a total of six loci associated with AMH levels at P < 5 × 10-8, three of which were novel in or near CHEK2, BMP4, and EIF4EBP1, as well as highlighted significant enrichment in renal system vasculature morphogenesis, and the pituitary gland as the top associated tissue in tissue enrichment analysis.

What Is Known Already: AMH is expressed by preantral and small antral stage ovarian follicles in women, and variation in age-specific circulating AMH levels has been associated with several health conditions. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the association between health conditions and AMH levels are not yet fully understood.

Polycystic ovary syndrome presents as a multimorbid condition by age 50: birth cohort linkage to national register data.

Objective: This population-based follow-up study investigated register-based disease diagnoses and medication use up till age of 50 years among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were identified from a population-based birth cohort.

Design: Population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Patients: Women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 and/or who were diagnosed with PCOS by a physician by age 46 (n = 244) and women without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1556) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

Dynamic changes in AI-based analysis of endometrial cellular composition: Analysis of PCOS and RIF endometrium.

Background: The human endometrium undergoes a monthly cycle of tissue growth and degeneration. During the mid-secretory phase, the endometrium establishes an optimal niche for embryo implantation by regulating cellular composition (e.g.

Validation of an Anti-Müllerian Hormone Cutoff for Polycystic Ovarian Morphology in the Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the HARMONIA Study: Protocol for a Prospective, Noninterventional Study.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women and is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, including diagnosis of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Due to high cost, availability, and the impact of the operator and ultrasound equipment on the reliability of the antral follicle count (AFC) by TVUS, an unmet need exists for a diagnostic test to determine PCOM without TVUS. A strong positive correlation between elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and AFCs has been demonstrated in women with PCOS.

High-sensitivity troponin-T levels and associated health conditions in 3146 women aged 46.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate are there associations between common female sex-specific health conditions (oligo/amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, menopause and polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]) and high-sensitivity troponin-T (hs-TnT) levels.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a general population-based prospective cohort study were performed. The hs-TnT levels of 3146 women aged 46 were measured using an Elecsys® Troponin T high-sensitivity assay.

Targeted gene expression profiling for accurate endometrial receptivity testing.

Expressional profiling of the endometrium enables the personalised timing of the window of implantation (WOI). This study presents and evaluates a novel analytical pipeline based on a TAC-seq (Targeted Allele Counting by sequencing) method for endometrial dating. The expressional profiles were clustered, and differential expression analysis was performed on the model development group, using 63 endometrial biopsies spanning over proliferative (PE, n = 18), early-secretory (ESE, n = 18), mid-secretory (MSE, n = 17) and late-secretory (LSE, n = 10) endometrial phases of the natural cycle.

Women with PCOS have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease regardless of diagnostic criteria-a prospective population-based cohort study.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. However, it remains debatable whether the presence of multiple CVD risk factors translates to increased CVD events.

Design: A prospective, population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

AMH as part of the diagnostic PCOS workup in large epidemiological studies.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown good correlation between polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. We evaluated the utility of AMH as a surrogate for PCOM as a part of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis by describing how the use of different AMH cut-off values would change the prevalence of PCOS.

Methods: A general population-based birth cohort study.

Detection of herpes simplex virus in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity. Contradictory results have been observed on the involvement of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Here, we aimed to study the predominance of HSV-1 or HSV-2 in oral HSV infections and to investigate the presence of HSV-1 in OTSCC and its effect on carcinoma cell viability and invasion.

Effects of estradiol- and ethinylestradiol-based contraceptives on adrenal steroids: A randomized trial.

Objectives: Ethinylestradiol (EE)-based combined oral contraceptives (COC) affect adrenal function by altering steroid and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) synthesis that may contribute to adverse effects related to these drugs. The effects of COCs containing natural estrogens remain unclear. We compared the effects of COCs containing estradiol valerate (EV) and EE on cortisol and other adrenal steroid hormones.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have poorer work ability and higher disability retirement rate at midlife: a Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with multiple comorbidities potentially affecting function. This was the first general population-based study to evaluate work ability, participation in working life, and disability retirement in middle-aged women with and without PCOS.

Design: This is a cohort study.

Advancing our understanding of genetic risk factors and potential personalized strategies for pelvic organ prolapse.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynecological condition with limited understanding of its genetic background. In this work, we perform a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 28,086 cases and 546,291 controls from European ancestry. We identify 19 novel genome-wide significant loci, highlighting connective tissue, urogenital and cardiometabolic as likely affected systems.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are burdened with multimorbidity and medication use independent of body mass index at late fertile age: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: This population-based follow-up study investigated the comorbidities, medication use, and healthcare services among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) at age 46 years.

Material And Methods: The study population derived from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and consisted of women reporting oligo/amenorrhea and hirsutism at age 31 years and/or a PCOS diagnosis by age 46 years (n = 246) and controls without PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1573), referred to as non-PCOS women. The main outcome measures were self-reported data on symptoms, diagnosed diseases, and medication and healthcare service use at the age of 46 years.

Artificial intelligence deep learning model assessment of leukocyte counts and proliferation in endometrium from women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To study whether artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be used to discern quantitative differences in endometrial immune cells between cycle phases and between samples from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS controls. Only a few studies have analyzed endometrial histology using AI technology, and especially, studies of the PCOS endometrium are lacking, partly because of the technically challenging analysis and unavailability of well-phenotyped samples. Novel AI technologies can overcome this problem.

Leveraging Northern European population history: novel low-frequency variants for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: Can we identify novel variants associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by leveraging the unique population history of Northern Europe?

Summary Answer: We identified three novel genome-wide significant associations with PCOS, with two putative independent causal variants in the checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) gene and a third in myosin X (MYO10).

What Is Known Already: PCOS is a common, complex disorder with unknown aetiology. While previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped several loci associated with PCOS, the analysis of populations with unique population history and genetic makeup has the potential to uncover new low-frequency variants with larger effects.