NK Cell Exosomes Alleviate PD-L1 Expression and Facilitate Tumor Immunity by Repressing PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling.

Background: Liver cancer (LC) is a deadly malignancy with limited therapeutic options in recent years. Natural killer cell-derived exosomes (NK-exo), as an important bridge of information transmission between cells, also have a certain killing effect on tumor cells. On this basis, this study investigated the specific regulatory mechanism of NK-exo on LC cells.

Transthyretin promotes the invasion of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma by tumor-associated macrophages.

Background: Patients with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) have limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor stemness, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Evidence suggested that transthyretin (TTR) influenced the prolifetation and invasion functions of different tumors and play an essential role in the tumor microenvironment.