A retrospective analysis of acute kidney injury in children with post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome: insights into promising outcomes.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS), COVID-19 related infection has been increasingly recognized with a paucity of data on AKI incidence, related mortality, and the requirement of renal replacement therapy in children with MIS (MIS-C).

Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating the prevalence, severity, management and outcomes of AKI in a cohort of Egyptian children with MIS-children (MIS-C) post-COVID infection. Patients were included if they met the criteria for MIS-C based on CDC guidelines.

In vitro evaluation of the potential immunosuppressive effect of panobinostat on cultured lymphocytes retrieved from childhood systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Although many drugs are available for childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment, the adverse effects and poor response in some cases make it crucial to find new drugs targeting various pathways in disease pathogenesis to improve overall outcomes. This study aimed to (i) investigate the effect of Panobinostat on cultured lymphocytes obtained from children with active SLE and (ii) to compare that effect with standard drugs used in SLE, such as Prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. The study included 24 SLE active patients, divided into four equal groups.

Trabecular Bone Score in Assessing Bone Mineralization Status in Children with End- Stage Renal Disease: A Promising Tool.

Unlabelled: Areal-bone mineral density (aBMD) of lumbar-spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is the most frequently used tool in evaluating BMD in pediatric patients, however its size dependency have significant impact on measurements accuracy in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of trabecular bone score (TBS) computed during lumbar-spine DXA scan in assessing bone status in children on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Ninety-three children on HD (aged 9-18 years) were subjected to lumbar-spine DXA-scan to obtain aBMD (g/cm) and TBS.

Bone mineral density in egyptian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: possible correlation to serum RANKL / osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and OPG gene polymorphisms.

Background: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are at higher risk of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) compared with healthy children due to genetic, disease and medication-related causes. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms and serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand (RANKL) and RANKL/OPG ratio on BMD in children with JIA.

Methods: OPG gene rs2073617, rs3134069, serum RANKL, OPG and RANKL/OPG ratio were evaluated in 60 JIA children and 100 matched healthy controls.

Health Related Quality of Life in Juvenile-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using 3 different tools.

Methods: In this questionnaire-based study, 100 children with SLE were included. HRQOL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales (PedsQL™ 4.

Right Ventricular Strain Analysis By Tissue Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pediatric Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Purpose: To investigate right ventricular (RV) volume and mass by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the added value of tissue tracking strain analysis as markers of RV dysfunction in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and preserved RV ejection fraction.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five children with ESRD and preserved RVEF (>50%) and 10 healthy control children were enrolled. Tissue tracking CMR was used to assess Global Longitudinal, circumferential (GCS), and radial short and long axes (GRS SAX and GRS LAX) RV strains in the patients group compared with controls.

A deeper look into the functions of right ventricle using three-dimensional echocardiography: the forgotten ventricle in children with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Studies on the right ventricular dysfunction (RV) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are limited, particularly in the pediatric age group. The study aimed to identify subclinical RV alterations in childhood-onset SLE (c-SLE) using conventional and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Forty SLE pediatric patients and 40 healthy controls were included.

Assessment of health-related quality of life in Sudanese children with nephrotic syndrome: a questionnaire-based study.

Introduction: nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common glomerular disease in children. The long relapsing nature of the disease along with medication-related complications can affect all aspects of the life of the affected children. This study points to estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Sudanese children with NS.

Role of detached podocytes in differentiating between minimal change disease and early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, can we rely on routine light microscopy?

Background: Detachment of podocytes represents a turning point in the development of glomerular sclerosis and consequently, of CKD progression. Furthermore, detachment may differentiate minimal change disease (MCD) cases-which have only podocyte effacement-from early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in which effacement and detachment are observed by electron microscopy. Noteworthy, it is not uncommon for early FSGS to present with clinical presentation and light microscopy (LM) pictures identical to MCD.

Impaired aortic strain and distensibility by cardiac MRI in children with chronic kidney disease.

Renal disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness. The aim was to investigate the effect of renal disease on regional aortic strain and distensibility in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study included 30 children with CKD on hemodialysis, and ten healthy control subjects.

Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index: A Precise, Noninvasive Tool for Evaluation of Edema in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome.

This study aimed to evaluate available volume status assessment tools in nephrotic syndrome (NS). Sixty children with INS were subdivided into hypovolemic and nonhypovolemic groups based on fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa%); all were studied for inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and body composition monitor (BCM). Forty-four patients had nonhypovolemic and 16 had hypovolemic states.

Diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography for COVID-19 in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and computed tomography features in 987 patients.

Purpose: The outbreak of a new coronavirus is still spreading worldwide, affecting children and adults. However, COVID-19 in children shows distinctive characteristics in clinical and radiological presentation. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of chest CT and clarify the clinicoradiological CT features of COVID-19 among children with COVID-19.

Edema in childhood nephrotic syndrome: possible genes-hormones interplay.

Background: The role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in edema formation in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) was studied before with conflicting results reported; however, the possible contribution of genes regulating ANP expression and receptors was never explored.

Methods: One hundred children (60 with active INS and 40 in remission) were studied for plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), urinary sodium, ANP gene A2843G and ScaI polymorphisms, and natriuretic peptide receptor clearance C (-55) A polymorphism. For comparative purposes, 20 healthy controls were studied for ANP levels.

Predictors of decreased bone mineral density in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms.

Objectives: This study aims to explore effects of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms and other possible factors on bone mineral density (BMD) in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Osteoprotegerin gene rs2073617 and rs3134069 were evaluated in 74 SLE patients and 100 controls then genotypes, alleles and haplotypes' frequencies were compared between cases and controls and between patients with BMD z-scores above and below -2 evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Disease activity was evaluated by SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI).

Tumor necrosis factor receptor II and PTPN22 genes polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian children.

Background: Many genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent cytokine stimulator acting through 2 cell surface receptors (TNFR I and II). TNFRII gene which controls expression of these receptors has been linked to SLE susceptibility through promoting apoptosis.

Left Ventricular Strain Analysis by Tissue Tracking- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for early detection of Cardiac Dysfunction in children with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) represents late left ventricle (LV) dysfunction. Cardiac MRI myocardial strain analysis is an alternative method for assessment of LV function.

Postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome in Egyptian children: An 11-year single-center experience.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a leading cause of childhood acute kidney injury (AKI) worldwide, with its postdiarrheal (D+HUS) form being the most common. Scarce data are available regarding D+HUS epidemiology from developing countries. This study aims to reveal the characterization of D+ HUS in Egyptian children.

Pediatric glomerular hematuria: a clinicopathological study.

Background: Hematuria is a common problem in pediatric practice and necessitates exhausting studies to detect etiology and establish proper management and counselling.

Subjects And Methods: We reviewed the clinical and pathological findings in 95 children presented between 2013 and 2019 with gross or microscopic hematuria with or without proteinuria in whom non-glomerular causes were excluded. In addition, a reference range for normal glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) is introduced based on the assessment of biopsies of 20 steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome cases aged 3-15 years, and with minimal change pathology.

Health-related quality of life in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome.

Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate Quality of life (QoL) in Egyptian children with idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (INS) in comparison to healthy children and children with chronic non-renal illnesses.

Methods: In this questionnaire-based study, 300 children were included, 100 with INS and 2 matched control groups: healthy group, and chronic non-renal illness group. QoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.

A novel fibrillin-1 mutation in an egyptian marfan family: A proband showing nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Marfan syndrome (MFS), the founding member of connective tissue disorder, is an autosomal dominant disease; it is caused by a deficiency of the microfibrillar protein fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and characterized by involvement of three main systems; skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular. More than one thousand mutations in FBN1 gene on chromosome 15 were found to cause MFS. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) had been described in very few patients with MFS being attributed to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to infective endocarditis.

Interleukin-17A rs2275913, Interleukin-17F rs763780 and rs2397084 gene polymorphisms as possible risk factors in Juvenile lupus and lupus related nephritis.

Unlabelled: There are no reports about the association of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F gene polymorphism and susceptibility to pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE).

Objective: To examine the possible role of IL-17A rs2275913, IL-17F rs763780 and rs2397084 polymorphisms as risk factors for pSLE in a cohort of Egyptian children and to investigate their association with the clinico-pathological features including lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods: Typing of IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms was done using restriction fragment length polymorphism for 115 children with SLE and 259 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia: A case report.

Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia (SED), progressive renal insufficiency beginning as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and defective cellular immunity. This article reports a case from Egypt with a mild form of SIOD. A 14.

Serum cystatin-C and BETA 2-microglobulin as accurate markers in the early diagnosis of kidney injury in neonates: A single center study.

Early detection of kidney injury in neonates is very important for appropriate management and prevention of serious complications; however, commonly used detectors as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) do not directly reflect early renal cell injury. Serum cystatin-C (Cys-C) and beta 2-microglobulin (Β2M), serum creatinine and BUN were assessed in 20 neonates who developed renal impairment after admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and 10 healthy neonates. The means of serum Cys-C, Β2M and creatinine on Day 1 of admission in the cases and control groups were 2.

Lupus nephritis in Egyptian children: a 16-year experience.

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features, histo-pathological patterns, treatment modalities, and outcome of children and adolescents with lupus nephritis (LN), followed-up in Lupus Clinic, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Mansoura University Children's Hospital between January 1997 and December 2012. Out of 194 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), LN was reported in 136 (70 %) patient, they were 27 males (20 %) and 109 females (80 %). The mean age at presentation was 12.