Characterization of the components of reconstituted Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase I transcription complexes.

We have reconstituted specific RNA polymerase I transcription from three partially purified chromatographic fractions (termed A, B, and C). Here, we present the chromatographic scheme and the initial biochemical characterization of these fractions. The A fraction contained the RNA polymerase I transcription factor(s), which was necessary and sufficient to form stable preinitiation complexes at the promoter.

Arousal, numbing, and intrusion: symptom structure of PTSD following assault.

Objective: This study investigated hypotheses concerning the importance of symptoms of numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: Symptoms of PTSD were assessed in 72 female rape victims and 86 female victims of nonsexual assault approximately 3 months after the crimes occurred. A principal-components factor analysis of subjects' symptoms was then undertaken.

Drug therapy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin sepsis.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Although it is usually well tolerated, sepsis can occur, which has resulted in at least eight deaths [3]. The survival of Connaught BCG-infected mice treated with single and combination antibiotic and steroid therapy was evaluated.

Autopsies and the pediatric intensive care unit.

The pediatric autopsy can provide great benefits to families at a time when their world is falling apart. It can be invaluable in the processing of grief that families endure, helping them to plan their future. Autopsy results not only provide information but may also provide consolation by giving the family the opportunity to discuss the disease process that resulted in death.

Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial.

Epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that vitamin supplements may be helpful in the prevention of some cancers but clinical trials to date have failed to demonstrate protection with naturally occurring vitamins. Without substantiation of the highly touted benefits of vitamins, few physicians who care for cancer patients have recommended their use. A total of 65 patients with biopsy confirmed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder enrolled in a randomized comparison of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) with or without percutaneous administration was also randomized by closed envelope to therapy with multiple vitamins in the recommended daily allowance (RDA) versus RDA multivitamins plus 40,000 units vitamin A, 100 mg.

Immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a potent immunogen that is being evaluated as an immunotherapeutic alternative to BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer. In the mouse bladder tumor model (MBT2) intralesional KLH significantly reduced tumor incidence, growth rate, and mortality and exhibited antitumor activity similar to that achievable with BCG. Endotoxin contamination of KLH was not responsible for the antitumor activity, although endotoxin alone was shown to have anti-tumor activity in this animal model.

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer.

The current treatment of choice for superficial bladder cancer, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, has significant adverse side effects. We have compared two alternative immunotherapies--crude keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and Immucothel, a KLH modified for clinical use (Biosyn)--in an intralesional mouse model of bladder cancer (MBT2). Crude KLH required either immunization before tumor transplant or frequent intralesional therapy after transplantation to be effective.

Perceived controllability and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in crime victims.

This study evaluated the association between perception of controllability and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following criminal assault. Factor analysis of a perceived controllability scale revealed three factors; perceived controllability felt during the assault, expected controllability over future assaults, and perceived controllability over aversive events more generally. Only the latter factor was associated with PTSD symptom severity.

Effect of age and menopausal status on cardiorespiratory fitness in masters women runners.

Forty-nine trained masters women endurance runners (mean = 42 km.wk-1) between the ages of 35 and 70 yr (mean = 46.4 +/- 8.

Sequential immunocytological evaluation of murine transitional cell carcinoma during intralesional bacillus Calmette-Guerin and interleukin-2 immunotherapy.

The antitumor effect of intralesionally administered recombinant interleukin-2 was highly effective (90% complete response) in murine bladder cancer. We postulated that interleukin-2 may be integral to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced antitumor response in human bladder cancer. Flow cytometric evaluation of the tumor infiltrates was compared before and after intralesional treatment of an established, untreated murine bladder tumor model with recombinant interleukin-2, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or saline.

Antibiotic and steroid therapy of massive systemic bacillus Calmette-Guerin toxicity.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the most effective treatment of carcinoma in situ available today and is superior to chemotherapy in the prevention of bladder tumor recurrence. While therapy is generally well tolerated, serious and even life threatening toxicity can occur. Treatment options for serious infection include isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and cycloserine, but shock may also be secondary to hypersensitivity and require the addition of corticosteroids.

Immunotherapy of murine transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using alpha and gamma interferon in combination with other forms of immunotherapy.

BCG immunotherapy is very effective in the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, but its significant toxicity may limit its use in some patients. In an effort to find less toxic and potentially more effective treatments we investigated the possible immunotherapeutic potential of combinations of Alpha Interferon (1000 IU) and Gamma Interferon (500 IU) with bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) (10(7) cfu), Interleukin-2 (4000 IU), and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (50 micrograms.) in the MBT2 murine bladder cancer model.

The yeast RNA polymerase I promoter: ribosomal DNA sequences involved in transcription initiation and complex formation in vitro.

Using an in vitro transcription system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase I, we have analyzed Pol I promoter deletion mutants and mapped the boundaries of the promoter between positions -155 and +27. The 5'-boundary of the minimal core promoter capable of transcription initiation, however, was found to lie between -38 and -26. The 3'-deletion extending to -2 and -5 still allowed some transcription, suggesting that the positioning of Pol I is directed by upstream sequences.

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: a comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling.

Rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; N = 45) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: stress inoculation training (SIT), prolonged exposure (PE), supportive counseling (SC), or wait-list control (WL). Treatments consisted of nine biweekly 90-min individual sessions conducted by a female therapist. Measures of PTSD symptoms, rape-related distress, general anxiety, and depression were administered at pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up (M = 3.

Treatment of murine transitional cell carcinoma with intralesional interleukin 2 and murine interferon gamma.

The antitumor effect of intralesionally administered recombinant interleukin-2, alone or in combination with recombinant interferon gamma was studied in murine transitional cell carcinoma, MBT2. In the initial prophylactic model treatment was started at day one at the site of tumor inoculation. Maximal and significant reduction in tumor volume occurred in groups receiving 4,000 units of recombinant interleukin 2 and 10(7) colony forming units Bacillus Calmette Guerin (p less than 0.

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and cardiovascular collapse in a young child owing to environmentally acquired cocaine.

Acute crack cocaine intoxication has become a significant problem in both adolescent and adult patients. Recently, cases of cocaine toxicity in infants and toddlers have been described. We report a four-year-old child with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea and shock after intoxication by crack cocaine.

Immunotherapy of murine bladder cancer by irradiated tumor vaccine.

This investigation explored the efficacy of irradiated autologous mouse bladder tumor (Ir-MBT2) as an active specific immunotherapeutic agent and as adjuvant therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) against a subcutaneously transplanted murine bladder tumor. Tumor incidence was significantly reduced in groups receiving BCG (27%, p less than 0.005) or Ir-MBT2 with BCG (53%, p less than 0.

Cigarette smoke composition. Part 1. Limitations of FTC method when applied to cigarettes that heat instead of burn tobacco.

The design of a new cigarette that heats rather than burns tobacco calls for modifications to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method for analytical smoking. These changes include eliminating sample conditioning at 75 degrees F and 60% RH, exercising greater care in lighting cigarettes, and smoking cigarettes to self-extinguishment rather than to a predetermined butt length as a measure of complete consumption. By several gross analytical measures, smoke condensate from the new cigarette differs substantially from that of tobacco-burning cigarettes.

Specific transcription of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 35 S rDNA by RNA polymerase I in vitro.

Specific transcription of yeast 35 S rDNA by RNA polymerase I has been demonstrated using fractionated extracts prepared from whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Determination of the 5'-nucleotides of the in vitro transcripts indicated that two apparent start sites, corresponding to the first (initiating) and fifth nucleotide of the in vivo transcript, were utilized. Production of the 35 S rDNA transcript in this system was not inhibited by alpha-amanitin.

Acute toxicity from oral ingestion of crack cocaine: a report of four cases.

We report the symptomatology, clinical, and laboratory findings in four patients following oral ingestion of crack cocaine. All of the patients had a positive urine test for cocaine metabolites measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Retrospective analysis of the four patients revealed alterations in function of the cardiovascular system (4), the autonomic nervous system (4), the central nervous system (3), and the gastrointestinal system (1).

An introduction to quality assurance.

Although initially applied within the manufacturing sectors of industry the benefits of quality assurance to both specifiers and customers alike are rapidly being realised by all sectors of business and industry.