A 3-month at-home tube feeding in 118 bulimia nervosa patients: a one-year prospective survey in adult patients.

Background & Aims: To study the 1-yr follow-up of 118 bulimia nervosa (BN) patients after a 3-month at-home tube feeding (TF) in a prospective study.

Methods: At-home TF lasted 3 months, including one month of exclusive TF (no food). All patients fulfilled 4 questionnaires (score of binge/purging episodes (BP), eating disorder inventory, anxiety, depression), before, at the 3-month TF point, and 6 and 12 months latter.

Prognosis in 41 severely malnourished anorexia nervosa patients.

Background & Aims: To report the prognosis in 41 anorexia nervosa (AN) patients suffering from very severe malnutrition (mean BMI: 10.1 ± 0.57 kg/m(2)).

Efficacy of tube feeding in binge-eating/vomiting patients: a 2-month randomized trial with 1-year follow-up.

Background: In many binge-eating/vomiting patients, abstinence could not be obtained from classical treatments. Since the authors showed that tube feeding (TF) reduced such episodes in anorexia nervosa (AN)-hospitalized patients, they carried out a randomized trial on the efficacy of TF plus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) vs CBT alone in AN and bulimia nervosa adult outpatients.

Methods: The authors randomly assigned 103 ambulatory patients to receive 16 sessions of CBT alone (n = 51) or CBT plus 2 months of TF (n = 52).

Hedonic reactivity to visual and olfactory cues: rapid facial electromyographic reactions are altered in anorexia nervosa.

Though it has been suggested that hedonic processing is altered in anorexia nervosa (AN), few studies have used objective measures to assess affective processes in this eating disorder. Accordingly, we investigated facial electromyographic, autonomic and subjective reactivity to the smell and sight of food and non-food stimuli, and assessed more particularly rapid facial reactions reflecting automatic processing of pleasantness. AN and healthy control (HC) women were exposed, before and after a standardized lunch, to pictures and odorants of foods differing in energy density, as well as to non-food sensory cues.

Body fluid retention and body weight change in anorexia nervosa patients during refeeding.

Background & Aims: Body weight gain is an important goal in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, but inflation in body fluids could artificially increase body weight during refeeding.

Methods: 42 malnourished adult AN patients were refed using a normal-sodium diet, then 176 other malnourished adult AN patients received a refeeding low-sodium diet (BMI of the 218 patients: 13.4 ± 1.

Pleasure for visual and olfactory stimuli evoking energy-dense foods is decreased in anorexia nervosa.

Although patients with anorexia nervosa have been suggested to be anhedonic, few experiments have directly measured their sensory pleasure for a range of food and non-food stimuli. This study aimed to examine whether restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN-R) patients displayed: i) a generalized decline in sensory pleasure or only in food-related sensory pleasure; ii) a modification of hedonic responses to food cues (liking) and of the desire to eat foods (wanting) as a function of their motivational state (hunger vs. satiety) and energy density of foods (high vs.

[Tube feeding at home in anorexia nervosa patients].

Introduction: In the aim to explore the efficacy of tube feeding (TF) in ambulatory anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, we prospectively treated 60 AN patients by tube feeding (TF) at home, using a nasogastric tube.

Methods: Nutritional (clinical, biological) and psychological (Hamilton and Beck scores) markers were assessed before and after 2 months of NEAD.

Results: While the patient's body weight was decreasing during the previous 2 months, it significantly increased (P<0.

[Alcohol and body weight?].

Alcohol has an energy content of 7 kcal/g of pure alcohol. However, there was no clear statistical correlation between alcohol consumption and body mass index in transversal as well as in longitudinal studies. This is related to the fact that alcohol stimulates NADPH oxidation, from NADH.

[Energy expenditure. How can they be measured?].

Body weight is dependent on the mass of the body and on the fat-free mass. In order to accomplish its mechanical and biochemical functions, the Krebs cycle is activated and generates ATP formation. From ATP, ADP is generated, releasing energy.

Alliesthesia to food cues: heterogeneity across stimuli and sensory modalities.

Negative alliesthesia to olfactory and visual stimuli was assessed in 29 normal-weight women who, on alternate days, were either fasting or in a postprandial state after an ad libitum lunch. The participants were alternatively exposed to food and non-food pictures and odorants, and then rated for their hedonic appreciation (liking) and their desire to ingest (wanting) the evoked foods. While negative alliesthesia was observed only for food stimuli, it did not equally affect all food categories in either sensory modality.

A randomized trial on the efficacy of a 2-month tube feeding regimen in anorexia nervosa: A 1-year follow-up study.

Background & Aims: Despite the high mortality rate in malnourished anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, very few trials have prospectively studied the efficacy of tube feeding.

Methods: This open prospective study was conducted in malnourished AN patients, who were randomized in tube feeding (n=41) or control (n=40) groups during a 2-month period. Thereafter, body weight, body mass gain, energy intake, eating behavior and relapse rates were compared during a 1-year follow-up, using paired Student t-test and ANOVA.

[Nasogastric tube feeding in bulimia. Controlled study with follow-up at 3 months].

Objective: Few effective treatments are available for severe forms of bulimia nervosa, which are accompanied by malnutrition, anxiety, and depressive mood. We previously showed in an open study that nasogastric tube feeding (TF) reduced binges and purging in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Methods: This prospective randomized trial compared bulimia patients in two treatment groups: one group received TF at home, together with psychotherapy, nutritional counseling and a support group while the control group received only psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and a support group.

Hormonal and psychological factors linked to the increased thermic effect of food in malnourished fasting anorexia nervosa.

Objectives: In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), weight gain is lower than that expected from the energy content of the meals. Thus we investigated the thermic effect of food (TEF) in relation to subjective feelings and plasma hormone levels in a group of AN patients.

Methods: TEF, feelings (14 items), and plasma release of beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, dopamine, and catecholamines were evaluated in 15 AN patients (body mass index, 13.

Clinicopathological aspects of the neuropathy of neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) in four patients including two with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth presentation.

We report on four patients with severe polyneuropathy associated with intestinal pseudoobstruction (MNGIE). Three patients presented characteristic supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, and hyperdense signals on T2 weighted cerebral MRI and dystrophic mitochondria in Schwann cells and in endothelial cells in nerve biopsy specimens. Two of these patients had a Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) presentation.

Factors associated with the increase in resting energy expenditure during refeeding in malnourished anorexia nervosa patients.

Background: In malnourished anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, body-weight gain during refeeding is slowed by an increase in resting energy expenditure (REE).

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify factors associated with the increase in REE during refeeding.

Design: Before and 8, 30, and 45 d after the beginning of refeeding, REE was studied by indirect calorimetry in 87 female AN patients [x +/- SD age: 23.

Depression influences the EDI scores in anorexia nervosa patients.

Aim: To study the influence of the severity of depression on the eating disorder's inventory (EDI) scores in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.

Method: We compared by variance analysis the EDI scores from three groups of AN patients: 55 patients having a major depression (as assessed by a Beck's depression inventory (BDI) >/= 16); 77 patients having a less severe depression (BDI < 16); 32 patients with mild or non-existent depression (BDI
Results: Higher EDI scores were elicited in the more severely depressed AN patients than in the less- or non-depressed AN patients (P < 0.