Effectiveness and safety of cervical catheter tip placement in intrathecal baclofen treatment of spasticity: A systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intrathecal baclofen treatment of spasticity, administered via a cervical catheter tip.

Design: A review of PubMed and the Cochrane Library up to September 2020. No restriction in study design.

Two different gene loci co-evolved with of and confer distinct resistance specificities in potato.

Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen is the most devastating disease in potato. For sustainable management of this economically important disease, resistance breeding relies on the availability of resistance () genes. Such genes against have evolved in wild tuber-bearing species from North, Central and South America, upon co-evolution with cognate avirulence () genes.

Identification of mega-environments in Europe and effect of allelic variation at maturity E loci on adaptation of European soybean.

Soybean cultivation holds great potential for a sustainable agriculture in Europe, but adaptation remains a central issue. In this large mega-environment (MEV) study, 75 European cultivars from five early maturity groups (MGs 000-II) were evaluated for maturity-related traits at 22 locations in 10 countries across Europe. Clustering of the locations based on phenotypic similarity revealed six MEVs in latitudinal direction and suggested several more.

LOPES II--Design and Evaluation of an Admittance Controlled Gait Training Robot With Shadow-Leg Approach.

Robotic gait training is gaining ground in rehabilitation. Room for improvement lies in reducing donning and doffing time, making training more task specific and facilitating active balance control, and by allowing movement in more degrees of freedom. Our goal was to design and evaluate a robot that incorporates these improvements.

Dutch evidence-based guidelines for amputation and prosthetics of the lower extremity: Rehabilitation process and prosthetics. Part 2.

Background: A structured, multidisciplinary approach in the rehabilitation process after amputation is needed that includes a greater focus on the involvement of both (para)medics and prosthetists. There is considerable variation in prosthetic prescription concerning the moment of initial prosthesis fitting and the use of replacement parts.

Objectives: To produce an evidence-based guideline for the amputation and prosthetics of the lower extremities.

Dutch evidence-based guidelines for amputation and prosthetics of the lower extremity: Amputation surgery and postoperative management. Part 1.

Background: Surgeons still use a range of criteria to determine whether amputation is indicated. In addition, there is considerable debate regarding immediate postoperative management, especially concerning the use of 'immediate/delayed fitting' versus conservative elastic bandaging.

Objectives: To produce an evidence-based guideline for the amputation and prosthetics of the lower extremities.

Vibrotactile grasping force and hand aperture feedback for myoelectric forearm prosthesis users.

Background: User feedback about grasping force and hand aperture is very important in object handling with myoelectric forearm prostheses but is lacking in current prostheses. Vibrotactile feedback increases the performance of healthy subjects in virtual grasping tasks, but no extensive validation on potential users has been performed.

Objectives: Investigate the performance of upper-limb loss subjects in grasping tasks with vibrotactile stimulation, providing hand aperture, and grasping force feedback.

Feasibility of error-based electrotactile and auditive feedback in prosthetic walking.

Background And Aim: Several studies have shown that feedback in upper-leg prostheses is possible, but slow or difficult to interpret. In this study, electrotactile and auditive error-based feedback, only giving feedback when an undesired event occurs, were tested for its use in upper-leg prosthesis when provided during a perturbation.

Technique: A total of nine healthy subjects walked on a prosthetic simulator which was disturbed at the end of the swing phase.

Agroinfiltration and PVX agroinfection in potato and Nicotiana benthamiana.

Agroinfiltration and PVX agroinfection are two efficient transient expression assays for functional analysis of candidate genes in plants. The most commonly used agent for agroinfiltration is Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a pathogen of many dicot plant species. This implies that agroinfiltration can be applied to many plant species.

Physical activity of children with a mitochondrial disease compared to children who are healthy.

Purpose: To compare the physical activity of a group of children with mitochondrial myopathy (MM) with children who are healthy and to evaluate the suitability of different measurement tools.

Methods: The physical activity of 6 children with MM and 10 children who are healthy was measured using accelerometry, heart rate monitoring, video observation, rating of their fatigue, and 2 questionnaires about their physical activity and quality of life.

Results: The children with MM spent less time in moderate to vigorous activity, and their activity level measured with the accelerometer was lower than the children who are healthy.

A longitudinal study of shoulder and arm morbidity in breast cancer survivors 7 years after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection.

Knowledge about long-term consequences of breast cancer treatment on shoulder and arm function and volume in stages I-II breast cancer survivors is limited. The effects of shoulder-arm function shortly after surgery on long-term function are unknown. One hundred and ninety-four women were examined pre-surgery (T0) and 6 weeks after surgery (T1).

Qualitative and quantitative late blight resistance in the potato cultivar Sarpo Mira is determined by the perception of five distinct RXLR effectors.

Potato defends against Phytophthora infestans infection by resistance (R)-gene-based qualitative resistance as well as a quantitative field resistance. R genes are renowned to be rapidly overcome by this oomycete, and potato cultivars with a decent and durable resistance to current P. infestans populations are hardly available.

Myoelectric forearm prostheses: state of the art from a user-centered perspective.

User acceptance of myoelectric forearm prostheses is currently low. Awkward control, lack of feedback, and difficult training are cited as primary reasons. Recently, researchers have focused on exploiting the new possibilities offered by advancements in prosthetic technology.

Dynamic Balance Control (DBC) in lower leg amputee subjects; contribution of the regulatory activity of the prosthesis side.

Background: Regaining effective postural control after lower limb amputation requires complex adaptation strategies in both the prosthesis side and the non-amputated side. The objective in this study is to determine the individual contribution of the ankle torques generated by both legs in balance control during dynamic conditions.

Methods: Subjects (6 transfemoral and 8 transtibial amputees) stood on a force platform mounted on a motion platform and were instructed to stand quietly.

SolRgene: an online database to explore disease resistance genes in tuber-bearing Solanum species.

Background: The cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop, but highly susceptible to many pathogens. The major threat to potato production is the Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, which causes the devastating late blight disease.

Understanding and exploiting late blight resistance in the age of effectors.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world's third-largest food crop. It severely suffers from late blight, a devastating disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. This oomycete pathogen secretes host-translocated RXLR effectors that include avirulence (AVR) proteins, which are targeted by resistance (R) proteins from wild Solanum species.

Diversity, distribution, and evolution of Solanum bulbocastanum late blight resistance genes.

Knowledge on the evolution and distribution of late blight resistance genes is important for a better understanding of the dynamics of these genes in nature. We analyzed the presence and allelic diversity of the late blight resistance genes Rpi-blb1, Rpi-blb2, and Rpi-blb3, originating from Solanum bulbocastanum, in a set of tuber-bearing Solanum species comprising 196 different taxa. The three genes were only present in some Mexican diploid as well as polyploid species closely related to S.

Phytophthora infestans isolates lacking class I ipiO variants are virulent on Rpi-blb1 potato.

A strategy to control the devastating late blight disease is providing potato cultivars with genes that are effective in resistance to a broad spectrum of Phytophthora infestans isolates. Thus far, most late blight resistance (R) genes that were introgressed in potato were quickly defeated. In contrast, the Rpi-blb1 gene originating from Solanum bulbocastanum has performed as an exclusive broad-spectrum R gene for many years.

Analysis of healthy sitting behavior: interface pressure distribution and subcutaneous tissue oxygenation.

Pressure ulcers are a large problem in individuals who use a wheelchair for their mobility and have limited trunk stability and motor function. Because no relation between interface pressure and pressure ulcer development has been established and no clinical threshold for pressure ulcer development can be given, looking at the sitting behavior of nondisabled individuals is important. Nondisabled individuals do not develop pressure ulcers because they continuously shift posture.

Effects of dynamic sitting interventions on tissue oxygenation in individuals with spinal cord disorders.

Study Design: An explorative cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of imposing dynamic sitting behavior on individuals with spinal cord disorders by using the Dynasit chair and to investigate its effect on the (sub-)cutaneous tissue oxygenation.

Setting: Rehabilitation Centre het Roessingh, Enschede, the Netherlands.

Mapping and cloning of late blight resistance genes from Solanum venturii using an interspecific candidate gene approach.

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. Resistance (R) genes from the wild species Solanum demissum have been used by breeders to generate late-blight-resistant cultivars but resistance was soon overcome by the pathogen. A more recent screening of a large number of wild species has led to the identification of novel sources of resistance, many of which are currently being characterized further.

Effector genomics accelerates discovery and functional profiling of potato disease resistance and phytophthora infestans avirulence genes.

Potato is the world's fourth largest food crop yet it continues to endure late blight, a devastating disease caused by the Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Breeding broad-spectrum disease resistance (R) genes into potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the best strategy for genetically managing late blight but current approaches are slow and inefficient. We used a repertoire of effector genes predicted computationally from the P.

Quality of life after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection in stage I/II breast cancer patients: a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Breast cancer patients' quality of life (QoL) after surgery has been reported to improve significantly over time. Little is known about QoL recovery after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in comparison to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods: 175 of 195 stage I/II breast cancer patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30: one day before surgery (T0) and after 6 (T1), 26 (T2), 52 (T3) and 104 (T4) weeks.

Gait in children with cerebral palsy: observer reliability of Physician Rating Scale and Edinburgh Visual Gait Analysis Interval Testing scale.

The aim of this study was to test the inter- and intraobserver reliability of the Physician Rating Scale (PRS) and the Edinburgh Visual Gait Analysis Interval Testing (GAIT) scale for use in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Both assessment scales are quantitative observational scales, evaluating gait. The study involved 24 patients ages 3 to 10 years (mean age 6.