Sensitivity of spiders from different ecosystems to lambda-cyhalothrin: effects of phylogeny and climate.

Background: In spite of their importance as arthropod predators, spiders have received little attention in the risk assessment of pesticides. In addition, research has mainly focused on a few species commonly found in agricultural habitats. Spiders living in more natural ecosystems may also be exposed to and affected by pesticides, including insecticides.

Effect of Exercise Training on Peak Aerobic Power After Heart Transplantation: A Brief Review.

Heart transplantation (HTP) is a life-saving therapy for selected individuals with end-stage refractory heart failure. Despite improvements in quality of life and survival, HTP recipients' peak aerobic power (peak VO) remains up to 50% lower than age-matched healthy control subjects owing to abnormal cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function. Currently, little is known regarding the effect of exercise training (ET) to improve peak VO after HTP.

Copper Uptake and Its Effects on Two Riparian Plant Species, the Native and the Invasive .

Copper accumulating in stream sediments can be transported to adjacent riparian habitats by flooding. Although being an essential element for plants, copper is toxic at high concentrations and restricts, among other things, plant growth. Besides copper, invasive plants, such as , which are known to be tolerant toward heavy metals, modify riparian habitats.

Phylogenetic relationships in the genus and description of , a new species from Chile.

Phylogenetic analyses based on a three-locus nuclear data set (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, the 5' end of the 28S, and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I) supported the pagoda fungus (, Amylocorticiales) as a monophyletic group most closely related to species of , which is nonmonophyletic, and . Phylogenetic relationships inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of specimens sampled in Australia, Chile, China, Madagascar, and New Zealand divided into two major lineages: Clade A containing Australian and New Zealand collections designated and the Chinese species , which have basidiospores with no reaction to Melzer's reagent, and Clade B, which includes a species described from Chile, , and specimens originating from Australia, Chile, Madagascar, and New Zealand with dextrinoid basidiospores.

Exercise in cirrhosis: Translating evidence and experience to practice.

Physical inactivity, sarcopenia, and frailty are highly prevalent, independent predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Across a range of chronic diseases, exercise training is a key recommendation supported by guidelines and, for some conditions, even by governmental funding of exercise programmes. Consistent with the broader chronic disease literature, the evidence for a benefit of exercise in cirrhosis is promising.

Divergence Times and Phylogenetic Patterns of Sebacinales, a Highly Diverse and Widespread Fungal Lineage.

Patterns of geographic distribution and composition of fungal communities are still poorly understood. Widespread occurrence in terrestrial ecosystems and the unique richness of interactions of Sebacinales with plants make them a target group to study evolutionary events in the light of nutritional lifestyle. We inferred diversity patterns, phylogenetic structures and divergence times of Sebacinales with respect to their nutritional lifestyles by integrating data from fossil-calibrated phylogenetic analyses.

Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus.

Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with genetic markers and selection approaches were explored and evaluated using MOTUs from genus and lineage based-alignments. Our study indicates that 1%-2% more species can be distinguished by using the full-length ITS barcode as compared to either the ITS1 or ITS2 regions alone.

On the Evolutionary History of Uleiella chilensis, a Smut Fungus Parasite of Araucaria araucana in South America: Uleiellales ord. nov. in Ustilaginomycetes.

The evolutionary history, divergence times and phylogenetic relationships of Uleiella chilensis (Ustilaginomycotina, smut fungi) associated with Araucaria araucana were analysed. DNA sequences from multiple gene regions and morphology were analysed and compared to other members of the Basidiomycota to determine the phylogenetic placement of smut fungi on gymnosperms. Divergence time estimates indicate that the majority of smut fungal orders diversified during the Triassic-Jurassic period.

Comparative Genomics Including the Early-Diverging Smut Fungus Ceraceosorus bombacis Reveals Signatures of Parallel Evolution within Plant and Animal Pathogens of Fungi and Oomycetes.

Ceraceosorus bombacis is an early-diverging lineage of smut fungi and a pathogen of cotton trees (Bombax ceiba). To study the evolutionary genomics of smut fungi in comparison with other fungal and oomycete pathogens, the genome of C. bombacis was sequenced and comparative genomic analyses were performed.

Identification of a new order of root-colonising fungi in the Entorrhizomycota: Talbotiomycetales ord. nov. on eudicotyledons.

The recently described fungal phylum Entorrhizomycota was established solely for the genus Entorrhiza, species of which cause root-galls in Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Talbotiomyces calosporus (incertae sedis) shares morphological characteristics and an ecological niche with species of Entorrhiza. We investigated the higher classification of T.

Entorrhizomycota: A New Fungal Phylum Reveals New Perspectives on the Evolution of Fungi.

Entorrhiza is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a robust hypothesis about the phylogenetic position of Entorrhiza and to evaluate evolutionary trends, multiple gene sequences and morphological characteristics of Entorrhiza were analyzed and compared with respective findings in Fungi.

Effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover.

Background: Despite multiple beneficial effects of weight loss after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), the influence on bone mineral density (BMD) remains largely unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the changes in BMD and serum/urine bone markers after LRYGB.

Methods: Thirty-four women undergoing LRYGB were prospectively enrolled and underwent bone densitometry and serum/urine analysis preoperatively and 1 year postoperative.

Exercise training improves aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and quality of life in renal transplant recipients.

Renal transplant recipients (RTR) have reduced peak aerobic capacity, muscle strength, arterial function and an unfavorable cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) profile. This study compared the effects of 12 weeks of supervised endurance and strength training (EST, n = 16) versus usual care (UC, n = 15) on peak aerobic capicity, cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, CVD risk profile, and quality of life (QOL) in RTR (55 ± 13 years). Peak aerobic capacity and exercise hemodynamics, arterial compliance, 24-h blood pressure, muscle strength, lean body mass, CVD risk score, and QOL were assessed before and after 12 weeks.

Communities of endophytic sebacinales associated with roots of herbaceous plants in agricultural and grassland ecosystems are dominated by Serendipita herbamans sp. nov.

Endophytic fungi are known to be commonly associated with herbaceous plants, however, there are few studies focusing on their occurrence and distribution in plant roots from ecosystems with different land uses. To explore the phylogenetic diversity and community structure of Sebacinales endophytes from agricultural and grassland habitats under different land uses, we analysed the roots of herbaceous plants using strain isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and co-cultivation experiments. A new sebacinoid strain named Serendipita herbamans belonging to Sebacinales group B was isolated from the roots of Bistorta vivipara, which is characterized by colourless monilioid cells (chlamydospores) that become yellow with age.

Inconsistent classification of pusher behaviour in stroke patients: a direct comparison of the Scale for Contraversive Pushing and the Burke Lateropulsion Scale.

Objective: To compare the classification of two clinical scales for assessing pusher behaviour in a cohort of stroke patients.

Design: Observational case-control study.

Setting: Inpatient stroke rehabilitation unit.

High genetic diversity at the regional scale and possible speciation in Sebacina epigaea and S. incrustans.

Background: Phylogenetic studies, particularly those based on rDNA sequences from plant roots and basidiomata, have revealed a strikingly high genetic diversity in the Sebacinales. However, the factors determining this genetic diversity at higher and lower taxonomic levels within this order are still unknown. In this study, we analysed patterns of genetic variation within two morphological species, Sebacina epigaea and S.

The unprecedented tetrakis-(disulfato)-silicate anion [Si(S2O7)4]4-, its germanium congener [Ge(S2O7)4]4-, and the tris-(disulfato)-metallates [M(S2O7)3]2- (M = Si, Ge, Ti), stabilized by divalent counter cations B2+ (B = Sr, Ba, Pb).

The reaction of oleum (65% SO(3)) with the tetrachlorides of silicon, germanium, and titanium, respectively, led to the complex disulfates Sr(2)[M(S(2)O(7))(4)] (M = Si, Ge), Ba[M(S(2)O(7))(3)] (M = Si, Ge, Ti) and Pb[M(S(2)O(7))(3)] (M = Ge, Ti) if strontium, barium, and lead were used as divalent counter cations. The strontium compounds exhibit the unique tetrakis-(disulfato)-metallate anions [M(S(2)O(7))(4)](4-) with the silicon and germanium atoms in octahedral coordination of two chelating and two monodentate disulfate groups. All of the other compounds display tris-(disulfato)-metallate anions [M(S(2)O(7))(3)](2-) with three chelating disulfate groups surrounding the M atoms.

Phylogenetic diversity and structure of sebacinoid fungi associated with plant communities along an altitudinal gradient.

To study the diversity and phylogenetic structure of Sebacinales communities from eight vegetation communities along an altitudinal gradient in the Bavarian Alps (Germany), we analysed 456 thalli or roots of plants. We detected 264 sebacinoid sequences, spanning the intergenic transcribed spacer region, 5.8S and D1/D2 regions of the nuclear rRNA gene, mostly using a nested PCR approach.

Immediate effectiveness of single-session therapeutic interventions in pusher behaviour.

Some stroke patients with hemiparesis exhibit a so-called pusher behaviour, i.e., they actively push away from the unaffected side and lean towards the hemiparetic side.

Sebacinales everywhere: previously overlooked ubiquitous fungal endophytes.

Inconspicuous basidiomycetes from the order Sebacinales are known to be involved in a puzzling variety of mutualistic plant-fungal symbioses (mycorrhizae), which presumably involve transport of mineral nutrients. Recently a few members of this fungal order not fitting this definition and commonly referred to as 'endophytes' have raised considerable interest by their ability to enhance plant growth and to increase resistance of their host plants against abiotic stress factors and fungal pathogens. Using DNA-based detection and electron microscopy, we show that Sebacinales are not only extremely versatile in their mycorrhizal associations, but are also almost universally present as symptomless endophytes.

Seconds from disaster: lessons learned from laparoscopic release of the median arcuate ligament.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare entity that manifests as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The median arcuate ligament is a fibrous band that connects the crura of the diaphragm. In some people, the ligament is positioned in a way that compresses the celiac axis, which in a subset of individuals causes the symptoms associated with MALS.