The use of Experience Sampling Method in psychopharmacological studies: A systematic review.

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is increasingly used to validate and assess treatment effects. We conducted a systematic review to update, and extend, the previous review by Bos et al. (2015), by performing literature searches in PubMed, PsycInfo, and EMBASE.

Fractal motor activity during wakefulness and sleep: a window into depression recency and symptom recurrence.

Background: Motor activity fluctuations in healthy adults exhibit fractal patterns characterized by consistent temporal correlations across wide-ranging time scales. However, these patterns are disrupted by aging and psychiatric conditions. This study aims to investigate how fractal patterns vary across the sleep-wake cycle, differ based on individuals' recency of depression diagnosis, and change before and after a depressive episode.

Opening the contextual black box: a case for idiographic experience sampling of context for clinical applications.

The experience sampling method (ESM) is increasingly used as a clinical tool in mental health care. Currently, ESM studies pay relatively little attention to assessing contextual factors, such as a person's experience and perception of events, activities, and social interactions. This has been referred to as the 'contextual black box'.

Circadian markers as a predictor of response in the treatment of depression-A systematic review.

Despite many available treatment options for depression, response rates remain suboptimal. To improve outcome, circadian markers may be suitable as markers of treatment response. This systematic review provides an overview of circadian markers that have been studied as predictors of response in treatment of depression.

Individual-specific change points in circadian rest-activity rhythm and sleep in individuals tapering their antidepressant medication: an actigraphy study.

Group-level studies showed associations between depressive symptoms and circadian rhythm elements, though whether these associations replicate at the within-person level remains unclear. We investigated whether changes in circadian rhythm elements (namely, rest-activity rhythm, physical activity, and sleep) occur close to depressive symptom transitions and whether there are differences in the amount and direction of circadian rhythm changes in individuals with and without transitions. We used 4 months of actigraphy data from 34 remitted individuals tapering antidepressants (20 with and 14 without depressive symptom transitions) to assess circadian rhythm variables.

Childhood abuse neglect and risk for major psychiatric disorders.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a strong risk factor for psychiatric disorders but serves in its current definitions as an umbrella for various fundamentally different childhood experiences. As first step toward a more refined analysis of the impact of CM, our objective is to revisit the relation of abuse and neglect, major subtypes of CM, with symptoms across disorders.

Methods: Three longitudinal studies of major depressive disorder (MDD, = 1240), bipolar disorder (BD, = 1339), and schizophrenia (SCZ, = 577), each including controls ( = 881), were analyzed.

Day-to-day affect fluctuations in adults with childhood trauma history: a two-week ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) may increase vulnerability to psychopathology through affective dysregulation (greater variability, autocorrelation, and instability of emotional symptoms). However, CT associations with dynamic affect fluctuations while considering differences in mean affect levels across CT status have been understudied.

Methods: 346 adults (age = 49.

Phenotypic but not genetically predicted heart rate variability associated with all-cause mortality.

Low heart rate variability (HRV) has been widely reported as a predictor for increased mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel genetic loci associated with HRV and assess the association of phenotypic HRV and genetically predicted HRV with mortality.

Temporal associations between salivary cortisol and emotions in clinically depressed individuals and matched controls: A dynamic time warp analysis.

Depression can be understood as a complex dynamic system where depressive symptoms interact with one another. Cortisol is suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of depression, but knowledge on the temporal interplay between cortisol and depressive symptoms is scarce. We aimed to analyze the temporal connectivity between salivary cortisol and momentary affective states in depressed individuals and controls.

Predicting recurrence of depression using cardiac complexity in individuals tapering antidepressants.

It is currently unknown whether the complexity and variability of cardiac dynamics predicts future depression and whether within-subject change herein precedes the recurrence of depression. We tested this in an innovative repeated single-subject study in individuals who had a history of depression and were tapering their antidepressants. In 50 individuals, electrocardiogram (ECG) derived Interbeat-interval (IBI) time-series data were collected for 5 min every morning and evening, for 4 months.

Integrating personalized experience sampling in psychotherapy: A case illustration of the Therap-i module.

Background: The experience sampling methodology (ESM) is increasingly being suggested as a clinical tool in mental health care, as it offers ecologically valid, microlevel information on psychopathological processes. Patients and clinicians have recommended that applications of ESM should be personalized and integrated into the existing clinical process, but there is still much uncertainty about how implementation may look like.

Objective: To provide an example of personalized ESM assessment and feedback being integrated into psychotherapy for depression, specifically looking at the collaborative use of ESM in case conceptualization.

Within-day bidirectional associations between physical activity and affect: A real-time ambulatory study in persons with and without depressive and anxiety disorders.

Background: Ambulatory assessments offer opportunities to study physical activity level (PAL) and affect at the group and person-level. We examined bidirectional associations between PAL and affect in a 3-h timeframe and evaluated whether associations differ between people with and without current or remitted depression/anxiety.

Methods: Two-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n = 93), remitted (n = 176), or no (n = 90) Composite International Diagnostic Interview depression/anxiety diagnoses were obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety.

A clinical PREMISE for personalized models: Toward a formal integration of case formulations and statistical networks.

Over the past decade, the idiographic approach has received significant attention in clinical psychology, incentivizing the development of novel approaches to estimate statistical models, such as personalized networks. Although the notion of such networks aligns well with the way clinicians think and reason, there are currently several barriers to implementation that limit their clinical utility. To address these issues, we introduce the Prior Elicitation Module for Idiographic System Estimation (PREMISE), a novel approach that formally integrates case formulations with personalized network estimation via prior elicitation and Bayesian inference.

Practitioner and researcher perspectives on the utility of ecological momentary assessment in mental health care: A survey study.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a scientific self-monitoring method to capture individuals' daily life experiences. Early on, EMA has been suggested to have the potential to improve mental health care. However, it remains unclear if and how EMA should be implemented.

Designing daily-life research combining experience sampling method with parallel data.

Background: Ambulatory monitoring is gaining popularity in mental and somatic health care to capture an individual's wellbeing or treatment course in daily-life. Experience sampling method collects subjective time-series data of patients' experiences, behavior, and context. At the same time, digital devices allow for less intrusive collection of more objective time-series data with higher sampling frequencies and for prolonged sampling periods.

A Web-Based Application for Personalized Ecological Momentary Assessment in Psychiatric Care: User-Centered Development of the PETRA Application.

Background: Smartphone self-monitoring of mood, symptoms, and contextual factors through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) provides insights into the daily lives of people undergoing psychiatric treatment. Therefore, EMA has the potential to improve their care. To integrate EMA into treatment, a clinical tool that helps clients and clinicians create personalized EMA diaries and interpret the gathered data is needed.

Chronotype, daily affect and social contact: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Eveningness is associated with lower daily positive affect (PA). The relationship between negative affect (NA) and chronotype, however, is less consistent in the literature. Eveningness may be further characterized by increased social isolation, which could explain the associations between chronotype and PA/NA.