Renal diffusion and BOLD MRI in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Blood oxygen level-dependent.

Purpose: To investigate the possibility of using combined blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect pathological and physiological changes in renal tissue damage of the kidney induced by chronic renal hyperfiltration.

Materials And Methods: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the T(2)* value within the inner compartments of the kidneys of 17 rats with diabetes mellitus were compared with the results obtained from a control group (N = 16). The influence of dynamic changes of the renal function on the blood-oxygen saturation was evaluated by comparing the T(2)* values before and after the active reduction of tubular transport by furosemide injection.

Treatment of an intraoperative patellar fracture during revision total knee arthroplasty.

An intraoperative vertical patellar fracture occurred through a central osteolytic defect during removal of a metal-backed patellar component. The fracture was treated successfully with cerclage wire fixation and implantation of a cemented patellar component.

Cardiac manifestations of Anderson-Fabry disease in heterozygous females.

Objectives: We sought to define the prevalence of cardiac involvement in female patients with Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD).

Background: Anderson-Fabry disease is a rare inborn X-linked lysosomal storage disorder. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the major substrate of the deficient alpha-galactosidase A enzyme, accumulates progressively in vulnerable cells, including the cardiovascular system.

Polarographic determination of propranolol in pharmaceutical formulation.

Propranolol was reacted with nitric acid to give nitropropranolol and was then measured in Britton-Robinson solutions in the pH range 2.0-12.0 by differential-pulse polarography.

Management of Contained Medial [Protrusiol] Acetabular Defects in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Medial migration of the acetabular cup and protrusio of the medial wall is a well recognized failure mechanism of acetabular fixation in cemented total hip arthroplasty. In the protruded acetabulum, a medialized position of the acetabular component is associated with increased medial cortical bone stresses, while more lateral positioning reduces the medial stresses. Use of a protrusio ring or medial wire mesh may limit medial migration.

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy.

Background: Arthropathy of the knee frequently develops in patients with hemophilia, who may require a total knee arthroplasty at a young age. Hemophilic patients, who require regular intravenous replacement of coagulation factor, have a higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which can compromise the outcome of the arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthetic survival following total knee arthroplasty and identify factors associated with failures of the arthroplasties in hemophilic patients.

Percutaneous endovascular catheter aspiration thrombectomy of severe superior vena cava syndrome.

We report a combined percutaneous endovascular approach, including thrombus aspiration and catheter directed local thrombolysis, followed by systemic thrombolytic therapy to treat severe superior vena cava syndrome in a 2 and 1/2 week old infant. This procedure was performed on the fifth postoperative day after major surgery. No treatment complications were observed.

Skin necrosis after total knee arthroplasty.

Nine patients were treated for skin necrosis after total knee arthroplasty. Eight patients had predisposing factors, which may have increased their risk of developing wound complications. Seven patients developed necrosis over the patellar tendon or tibial tubercle, of whom 6 were treated with muscle flap coverage.

Imaging the changes in renal T1 induced by the inhalation of pure oxygen: a feasibility study.

The effect of the inhalation of pure oxygen on the kidney was evaluated by measuring monoexponential T1 and T2* relaxation times in nine volunteers using a multiple-shot turbo spin echo and multiple echo gradient echo sequences, respectively. The T1 of the renal cortex decreased significantly when breathing pure oxygen as compared to normoxia (from 882 +/- 59 to 829 +/- 70 msec, P < 0.05), while that of the renal medulla was unchanged.

Impact biomechanics and pelvic deformation during insertion of press-fit acetabular cups.

Five fresh cadaver pelves were cleaned of soft tissue and instrumented with strain gauges. The acetabula were reamed, and a cementless cup, oversized at the periphery, was inserted. The applied force and cup acceleration were measured during insertion and used to calculate an effective mass of the cup, insertion device, and pelvis during each impact.

Differences between neonates and adults in carbohydrate sequences and reaction kinetics of plasmin and alpha(2)-antiplasmin.

This study investigates reaction kinetics by slow-binding kinetics methods of both adult and fetal plasmin (Types 1 and 2) with adult and fetal alpha(2)-antiplasmin. In addition, carbohydrate sequences of Fetal and Adult Plasminogen Types 1 and 2, as well as fetal and adult alpha(2)-antiplasmin, were determined by mass spectrometric analysis. All curves of plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin interaction followed the same pattern, indicating reversible slow-binding inhibition with an initial loose complex and a following tight complex.

Association between human immunodeficiency virus and osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

The records of a consecutive series of 50 patients treated operatively for osteonecrosis of the femoral head were reviewed to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as an isolated risk factor for osteonecrosis. Twelve patients had a history of trauma to the hip and were excluded from the study. The remaining 38 patients were treated operatively for nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and osteoarthritic trabecular bone structure in the human knee.

Objective: To use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the trabecular bone structure in the distal femur and the proximal tibia and its to correlate the findings with different stages of osteoarthritis (OA) of the human knee.

Methods: Axial images of the distal femur and proximal tibia were obtained at 1.5 T in patients without and with mild OA and with severe OA.

Retrieved glenoid components: a classification system for surface damage analysis.

There have been many reports describing modes of damage in retrieved total hip and total knee arthroplasty components. The most common mechanism in total hip arthroplasties has been shown to be surface wear. Fatigue failure shown as pitting and delamination are observed more often in total knee components.

Relationship between gravimetric wear and particle generation in hip simulators: conventional compared with cross-linked polyethylene.

Hip-simulator studies have shown reduced gravimetric wear rates for inert-gas gamma-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene when compared with conventional ethylene-oxide-sterilized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Analysis shows a greater number of particles generated from inert-gas gamma-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This study was undertaken to examine particle-generation rates of polyethylene with different levels of cross-linking and to correlate them with gravimetric wear data.

Virtual reality computer animation of the effect of component position and design on stability after total hip arthroplasty.

Virtual reality technology was utilized to assess the effect of component orientation and component design on the range of motion prior to impingement following total hip arthroplasty. Components were digitized, oriented in the pelvis, and computer animations were performed to assess the likelihood of dislocation with different combinations of component orientation.