Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies for glioma.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive adult glioma (16-month median survival). Its immunosuppressive microenvironment limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Objectives: To assess the effects of the ICIs antibodies anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) in treating adults with diffuse glioma.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer and is associated with acute and late toxicities. Intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) may decrease toxicity and is convenient for patients.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of IMRT in women with early stage breast cancer.

Conclusions of clinical trials assessing monoclonal antibodies and sponsored by pharmaceutical industry: a meta-research study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and critically appraise the conclusions of randomized clinical trials assessing monoclonal antibodies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry.

Methods: This is a meta-research study on conclusions' characteristics of randomized clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies as interventions sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry.

Results: A total of 82 publications were considered.

Obturator canal block: an anatomical study.

Background: Different approaches to the obturator nerve have been described. However, few have focused on the injection point inferior the iliopubic ramus, specifically at the exit of the obturator canal. This study aims to anatomically evaluate the ultrasound-guided obturator nerve block at the exit of the obturator canal, detailing anatomical landmarks and solution distribution.

Advanced therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells for knee osteoarthritis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Advanced cell therapies emerged as promising candidates for treatment of knee articular diseases, but robust evidence regarding their clinical applicability is still lacking.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of advanced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) therapy for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and chondral lesions.

Methods: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials conducted in accordance with Cochrane Handbook and reported following PRISMA checklist.

Methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews on aesthetics and reconstructive breast surgery: A meta-research.

Objective: To evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews (SR) of randomized controlled trials on esthetics and reconstructive breast surgery.

Methods: Meta-research study with a broad search strategy was developed to retrieve all relevant systematic reviews. We evaluated the methodological and reporting guidance adopted by these reviews and assessed their adequacy to items from AMSTAR-2 (methodological quality) and PRISMA 2020 (reporting quality).

A study of the effects of early diagenesis on the geotechnical properties of carbonate sediments (North West Shelf, Australia).

Carbonate sediments are often regarded as problematic in geotechnical engineering due to the high variability of their properties. Understanding and quantifying this variability will become increasingly critical in the years ahead, notably with respect to upcoming developments in offshore renewable energy, for which limited in-situ data are typically available to characterise large areas. Here, six intervals from the North West Shelf of Australia, each composed of similar carbonate grains but accumulated in different environments, are investigated to better understand how the post-depositional cementation, alteration and dissolution of sediments, known as diagenesis, impact their geotechnical properties.

Primary outcomes and characteristics of clinical trial registries (up to October 2021) on COVID-19 vaccines.

Objectives: To analyse the general and primary outcome-related characteristics of clinical trials protocols on COVID-19 vaccines.

Study Design And Setting: A meta-research study. A search for clinical trial protocols on COVID-19 vaccines was conducted on the ClinicalTrials.

High certainty evidence is stable and trustworthy, whereas evidence of moderate or lower certainty may be equally prone to being unstable.

Objectives: To assess to what extent the overall quality of evidence indicates changes to observe intervention effect estimates when new data become available.

Methods: We conducted a meta-epidemiological study. We obtained evidence from meta-analyses of randomized trials of Cochrane reviews addressing the same health-care question that was updated with inclusion of additional data between January 2016 and May 2021.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Dockworkers are exposed to physical overloads that can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders, leading to functional disability and absenteeism.

Objective: to map, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases associated with port occupational activities.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in structured and unstructured databases in August 2023, with no date or language restriction, to identify observational studies evaluating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dockworkers' occupational activity.

Fire ecology in marine systems.

Wildfire byproducts enter into the oceans via terrestrial and atmospheric routes. They pose a challenge to the sustainability of marine ecosystems, especially under the current increase in fire activity. Research is needed to unravel the dynamics between wildfires and marine life, and the oceans' potential to mitigate wildfire emissions.

Definition and reporting of composite outcomes are often inadequate in randomized clinical trials on pharmacological interventions for coronary artery disease.

Objectives: To estimate the frequency and critically appraise the use and reporting of composite outcomes in randomized clinical trials on pharmacological interventions for coronary artery disease.

Study Design And Setting: A metaresearch study. A search strategy was developed to retrieve references from MEDLINE.

An evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) competency profile for the Brazilian Health System developed through consensus: process and outcomes.

Background: Evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) requires a set of individual and organizational knowledge, skills and attitudes that should be articulated with background factors and needs. In this regard, the development of an EIPM competency profile is important to support the diagnosis, planning and implementation of EIPM.

Purpose: To present the process and outcomes of the development of an EIPM competency profile by an expert committee, to be applied in different contexts of the Brazilian Health System.

A scoping review of graphene-based biomaterials for in vivo bone tissue engineering.

The growing demand for more efficient materials for medical applications brought together two previously distinct fields: medicine and engineering. Regenerative medicine has evolved with the engineering contributions to improve materials and devices for medical use. In this regard, graphene is one of the most promising materials for bone tissue engineering and its potential for bone repair has been studied by several research groups.

Antiplatelet agents for the treatment of adults with COVID-19.

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause thrombotic events that lead to severe complications or death. Antiplatelet agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid, have been shown to effectively reduce thrombotic events in other diseases: they could influence the course of COVID-19 in general.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of antiplatelets given with standard care compared to no treatment or standard care (with/without placebo) for adults with COVID-19.

What is an "ongoing" clinical trial? An analysis of different sources revealed heterogeneous definitions of when a clinical trial starts and ends: a meta-research study.

Background: Although the concept of an "ongoing study" seems self-explanatory, it is difficult to determine whether a trial is underway.

Objective: To analyze the definitions of "ongoing clinical trial" across different clinical trial registries, methodological guidelines, and other sources.

Design And Setting: This meta-research study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.

Strategies for communicating scientific evidence on healthcare to managers and the population: a scoping review.

Background: Health evidence needs to be communicated and disseminated in a manner that is clearly understood by decision-makers. As an inherent component of health knowledge translation, communicating results of scientific studies, effects of interventions and health risk estimates, in addition to understanding key concepts of clinical epidemiology and interpreting evidence, represent a set of essential instruments to reduce the gap between science and practice. The advancement of digital and social media has reshaped the concept of health communication, introducing new, direct and powerful communication platforms and gateways between researchers and the public.

Temporal and inter-individual changes in the integrated biochemical condition of the gonads of female swordfish () from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean.

The integrated biochemical condition (IBC) of gonads is closely related to the reproductive success of highly migratory marine species. The IBC of gonads can be influenced not only by size and/or age, but also by environmental conditions. Here, female swordfish, , that migrate to temperate regions with a marked seasonality (.

Mapping Antibody Domain Exposure on Nanoparticle Surfaces Using DNA-PAINT.

Decorating nanoparticles with antibodies (Ab) is a key strategy for targeted drug delivery and imaging. For this purpose, the orientation of the antibody on the nanoparticle is crucial to maximize fragment antibody-binding (Fab) exposure and thus antigen binding. Moreover, the exposure of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain may lead to the engagement of immune cells through one of the Fc receptors.

Alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, T-cell-dependent, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, with an unpredictable course. Current MS therapies focus on treating and preventing exacerbations, and avoiding the progression of disability. At present, there is no treatment that is capable of safely and effectively reaching these objectives.

Minimally invasive interventions for biopsy of malignancy-suspected pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Imaging tests are important for diagnosis during the management of pulmonary nodules; however, biopsy is required to confirm the malignancy.

Objectives: To compare the effects of different techniques used for the biopsy of a pulmonary nodule.

Design And Setting: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using Cochrane methodology in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.