Neuroinflammaging is the nervous system version of inflammaging, the low-grade inflammation that develops with advanced age, aside from active disease or infection. Despite neuroinflammaging has been widely investigated, some important issues still need to be resolved such as the analysis of the extremely old subjects and the evaluation of specific brain areas. On this background, we conducted a study to analyze expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in Wistar rats of different ages, including the oldest-old, in different brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTibetan adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia remains a classic example of Darwinian selection in humans. Amongst Tibetan populations, alleles in the EPAS1 gene - whose protein product, HIF-2α, is a central regulator of the hypoxia response - have repeatedly been shown to carry some of the strongest signals of positive selection in humans. However, selective sweep signals alone may only account for some of the phenotypes that differentiate high-altitude adapted populations from closely related lowlanders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe chose the "natural laboratory" provided by high-altitude native ethnic Tibetan women who had completed childbearing to examine the hypothesis that multiple oxygen delivery traits were associated with lifetime reproductive success and had genomic associations. Four hundred seventeen (417) women aged 46 to 86 y residing at ≥3,500 m in Upper Mustang, Nepal, provided information on reproductive histories, sociocultural factors, physiological measurements, and DNA samples for this observational cohort study. Simultaneously assessing multiple traits identified combinations associated with lifetime reproductive success measured as the number of livebirths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates gut-barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Cinnamoyl derivatives show potential in mitigating LPS-induced inflammation. We assessed intestinal epithelial barrier function using -epithelial electrical resistance values and measured inflammatory mediators through real-time PCR and ELISA in Caco-2 cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Since the initial identification of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE),significant milestones have been achieved in understanding these diseases.Discoveries of common serum antibodies (IgG anti-GQ1b), antecedent infections, neurophysiological data, andneuroimaging suggested a shared autoimmune pathogenetic mechanism rather than distinct pathogenesis, leadingto the hypothesis that both diseases are part of a unified syndrome, termed "Fisher-Bickerstaff syndrome". The subsequent identification of atypical anti-GQ1b-positive forms expanded the classification to a broader condition known as "Anti-GQ1b-Antibody syndrome".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Malignant ischemic stroke (MIS) is defined by progressive cerebral edema leading to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), compression of neural structures, and, eventually, death. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has been advocated as a lifesaving procedure in the management of patients with MIS. This study aims to identify pre- and postoperative predictive variables of neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing DC for MIS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most frequent brain tumors in adults. The identification of key prognostic factors is essential for choosing the therapeutic strategy tailored to each patient. Epilepsy can precede several months of other clinical presentations of BMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Ment Health
December 2023
Background: The global health pandemic has affected the increasing older adult population, especially those with mental illnesses. It is necessary to prevent cases of cognitive impairment in adults early on, and this requires the support of information and communication technologies for evaluating and training cognitive functions. This can be achieved through computer applications designed for cognitive assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, combining the thiazole and cinnamoyl groups into the styryl-thiazole scaffold, a series of novel styryl-thiazole hybrids (6a-p) was rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated by the multi-target-directed ligands strategy as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hybrids 6e and 6i are the most promising among the synthesized hybrids since they are able to significantly increase cell viabilities in Aβ-exposed-human neuroblastoma cell line (6i at the concentration of 50 μg mL and 6e at the concentration of 25 μg mL resulted in ∼34% and ∼30% increase in cell viabilities, respectively). Compounds 6e and 6i exhibit highly AChE inhibitory properties in the experimental AD model at 375.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnticancer Agents Med Chem
January 2024
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is probably the most malignant and aggressive brain tumor belonging to the class of astrocytomas. The considerable aggressiveness and high malignancy of GBM make it a tumor that is difficult to treat. Here, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of eighteen novel cinnamoyl derivatives (3a-i and 4a-i) to obtain more effective antitumor agents against GBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The coexistence of hyper-inflow aneurysms and cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPAc) arterial venous malformations (AVMs) have been rarely reported and most commonly associated with high risk of bleeding.
Case Descriptions: We present two cases of CPAc AVMs admitted for acute subarachnoid hemorrhage from rupture of a parent right pontine artery aneurysm. Admission history, neurology at presentation, pre/post-operative imaging, approach selection, and results are thoroughly reviewed and presented.
Background: Bone flap resorption is a known complication of postdecompressive autologous cranioplasty. Although several potential etiopathogenetic factors have been investigated, their role is still under discussion. To further complicate things, resorption is not an all-or-nothing event, patients frequently presenting with different degrees of flap remodeling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDesigning and discovering compounds for dual-target inhibitors is challenging to synthesize new, safer, and more efficient drugs than single-target drugs, especially to treat multifactorial diseases such as cancer. The simultaneous regulation of multiple targets might represent an alternative synthetic approach to optimize patient compliance and tolerance, minimizing the risk of target-based drug resistance due to the modulation of a few targets. To this end, we conceived for the first time the design and synthesis of dual-ligands σR/HDACi to evaluate possible employment as innovative candidates to address this complex disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) Background: Obesity, a complex metabolic disease resulting from an imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure, leads to an increase in adipocytes and chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this paper was to synthesize a small series of carvacrol derivatives () that are able to reduce both adipogenesis and the inflammatory status often associated with the progression of the obesity disease. (2) Methods: The synthesis of was performed using classical procedures in a solution phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt exposure is rare. Small series reporting on managing this complication mainly focus on the pediatric population, where wound breaks over cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chambers are observed most frequently. However, case series on adult patients are missing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInternational guidelines suggested skin tests with Polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and polysorbate 80 (PS-80), to investigate a possible hypersensitivity to these excipients either to identify subjects at risk of developing allergic reactions to Covid-19 vaccines, or in patients with suspected IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to the Covid-19 vaccine. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PEG and PS sensitization in patients with a clinical history of HR to drugs containing PEG/PS and in patients with a suspected Covid-19 vaccine immediate HR. This was a multicenter retrospective study conducted by allergists belonging to 20 Italian medical centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecently, there has been an increasing interest in finding new approaches to manage oral wound healing. Although resveratrol (RSV) exhibited many biological properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, its use as a drug is limited by unfavorable bioavailability. This study aimed to investigate a series of RSV derivatives (-) with better pharmacokinetic profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies, with an increasing incidence and limited response to current therapeutic options. Therefore, more effective and low-toxic agents are needed to improve PC patients' outcomes. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with multiple biological properties, including anticancer effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Tibetans, noncoding alleles in -whose protein product hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) drives the response to hypoxia-carry strong signatures of positive selection; however, their functional mechanism has not been systematically examined. Here, we report that high-altitude alleles disrupt the activity of four enhancers in one or more cell types. We further characterize one enhancer (ENH5) whose activity is both allele specific and hypoxia dependent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive disease that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. Approximately 80% of PM patients have a history of asbestos exposure. The long latency period of 20-40 years from the time of asbestos exposure to diagnosis, suggests that multiple somatic genetic alterations are required for the tumorigenesis of PM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF