Inverse dynamics as a tool for motion analysis: arm tracking movements in cerebellar patients.

Kinematic analysis of limb movements can be used to evaluate motion of patients with movement disorders. Those with clinically mild to moderate impairment, however, often show only small, insignificant deviations in the measured trajectories compared to those of healthy controls. Furthermore, kinematic data alone do not give sufficient information about internal quantities such as muscle activation or joint moments.

Biomechanical model of the human knee evaluated by neuromuscular stimulation.

A detailed model of the human knee was developed to predict shank motion induced by functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS). A discrete-time model is used to characterize the relationship between stimulus parameters and muscle activation. A Hill-based model of the musculotendon actuator accounts for nonlinear static and dynamic properties of both muscle and tendon.