International Children's Continence Society standardization report on urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in children.

Aims: The objective of this document created by the ICCS standardization subcommittee is to provide a uniform guideline on measurement, quality control and documentation of urodynamic studies in children.

Methods: This guideline was created using expert opinion and critical review of the published literature on urodynamic studies in children. Currently no standardized guideline or level 1 data exists on the proper technique for this subject matter.

Do lower urinary tract symptoms predict cardiovascular diseases in older men? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To study the incidence of CVD in men at risk, with and without LUTS.

Methods: We searched all longitudinal studies describing the association between LUTS and CVD (mortality) in October 2013 and December 2014 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library Central Register. PRISMA criteria were met.

Epidemiology of hypospadias in Europe: a registry-based study.

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation. The prevalence of hypospadias has a large geographical variation, and recent studies have reported both increasing and decreasing temporal trends. It is unclear whether hypospadias prevalence is associated with maternal age.

Urinary tract infections in children: EAU/ESPU guidelines.

Context: In 30% of children with urinary tract anomalies, urinary tract infection (UTI) can be the first sign. Failure to identify patients at risk can result in damage to the upper urinary tract.

Objective: To provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and imaging of children presenting with UTI.

Are lower urinary tract symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease in the Dutch general population? Results from the Krimpen study.

Purpose: To describe the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with adjustment for age and other confounders. We were specifically interested in the possible predictive value of LUTS to the incidence of CVD in the future in the general population.

Methods: We performed post hoc analyses using data from the Krimpen study, a large community-based study in the Netherlands.

Are lower urinary tract symptoms in men associated with cardiovascular diseases in a primary care population: a registry study.

Background: Although lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) seem to be related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, it is unclear whether this relationship is unbiased. In order to investigate this relationship, we used longitudinal data for establishing the possible predictive value of LUTS for the development of CVD in a primary care population.

Methods: We performed a registry study using data from the Registration Network Groningen (RNG).

Multi-center randomized controlled trial of cognitive treatment, placebo, oxybutynin, bladder training, and pelvic floor training in children with functional urinary incontinence.

Objective: Functional urinary incontinence causes considerable morbidity in 8.4% of school-age children, mainly girls. To compare oxybutynin, placebo, and bladder training in overactive bladder (OAB), and cognitive treatment and pelvic floor training in dysfunctional voiding (DV), a multi-center controlled trial was designed, the European Bladder Dysfunction Study.

Introducing the HOPE (Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation)-score: a validation study of an objective scoring system for evaluating cosmetic appearance in hypospadias patients.

Objective: To determine the reliability and internal validity of the Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation (HOPE)-score, a newly developed scoring system assessing the cosmetic outcome in hypospadias.

Patients And Methods: The HOPE scoring system incorporates all surgically-correctable items: position of meatus, shape of meatus, shape of glans, shape of penile skin and penile axis. Objectivity was established with standardized photographs, anonymously coded patients, independent assessment by a panel, standards for a "normal" penile appearance, reference pictures and assessment of the degree of abnormality.

EAU guidelines on vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Context: Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital urinary tract abnormality in children. There is considerable controversy regarding its management. Preservation of kidney function is the main goal of treatment, which necessitates identification of patients requiring early intervention.

Is a closed bladder neck on preoperative videourodynamic studies an important factor for continence following augmentation ileocystoplasty in myelodysplastic patients?

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of a closed bladder neck during videourodynamic (VUDE) studies in relation to urinary continence following augmentation ileocystoplasty in myelodysplastic patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 24 myelodysplastic patients who underwent augmentation ileocystoplasty, using a standard technique. All patients had a closed bladder neck during preoperative VUDE studies.

WNT2 locus is involved in genetic susceptibility of Peyronie's disease.

Introduction: Peyronie's disease (PD) is a fibromatosis of the penis, with a pathology very similar to what is seen in the hand (palmar fascia) in Dupuytren's disease (DD). Recently, we performed a genome-wide association study and identified nine genetic loci containing common variants associated with DD. Seven of these loci mapped within or near genes of the canonical WNT pathway and each locus yielded relatively large odds ratios (ORs) for DD disease status.

The predictive value of immunohistochemical markers in untreated Wilms' tumour: are they useful?

Purpose: This study reevaluates the potential role of different tumour markers as prognostic indicators in untreated nephroblastoma.

Methods: Expression of a broad panel of tumour markers was investigated by means of immunohistochemical analysis in 43 WT patients. Patients were treated by radical nephrectomy and had a mean follow-up of 11.

Outcome analysis of tubularized incised urethral plate using dorsal dartos flap for proximal penile hypospadias repair.

Purpose: To assess the outcome of tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty in conjunction with a dorsal dartos flap for primary proximal penile hypospadias.

Materials And Methods: Forty-nine patients with proximal penile hypospadias underwent a one-stage TIP urethroplasty with single-layer closure using polyglactin suture. A dorsal dartos (subcutaneous) flap, harvested from the dorsal penile shaft was used to cover the neourethra ventrally.

Fine needle aspiration using improved agar microbiopsy is highly concordant with renal mass final diagnosis and subclassification.

Purpose: Computerized tomography and ultrasound are usually sufficient for preoperative evaluation of renal masses greater than 5 cm. For renal masses less than 5 cm additional histological evaluation could improve diagnosis and treatment decisions. We investigated the concordance between an improved agar microbiopsy technique and conventional cytology for diagnosing renal tumors.

Detection of local, regional, and distant recurrence in patients with psa relapse after external-beam radiotherapy using (11)C-choline positron emission tomography.

Purpose: An elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level cannot distinguish between local-regional recurrences and the presence of distant metastases after treatment with curative intent for prostate cancer. With the advent of salvage treatment such as cryotherapy, it has become important to localize the site of recurrence (local or distant). In this study, the potential of (11)C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) to identify site of recurrence was investigated in patients with rising PSA after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Long-term efficacy and safety of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Objective: We evaluated long-term (> or =12 months) efficacy and safety of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Subjects And Methods: Subjects successfully completed one of three 12-week, open-label studies and had stable neurologic disease and urodynamic evidence of neurogenic detrusor overactivity requiring intermittent catheterization. Drug formulation and dosing were based on age (4 months-4 years, tolterodine oral solution 0.

Diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence and functional fecal incontinence (encopresis) in children.

The ability to maintain normal continence for urine and stools is not achievable in all children by a certain age. Gaining control of urinary and fecal continence is a complex process, and not all steps and factors involved are fully understood. While normal development of anatomy and physiology are prerequisites to becoming fully continent, anatomic abnormalities, such as bladder exstrophy, epispadias, ectopic ureters, and neurogenic disturbances that can usually be recognized at birth and cause incontinence, will require specialist treatment, not only to restore continence but also to preserve renal function.

Long-term tolerability of tolterodine extended release in children 5-11 years of age: results from a 12-month, open-label study.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term tolerability of tolterodine extended release (ER) in children (aged 5-11 yr) with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).

Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label extension of a 12-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tolterodine ER. Patients had UUI suggestive of detrusor overactivity (>/=1 diurnal incontinence episode per 24h for >/=5 of 7 d) and >/=6 voids per 24h at baseline and had completed the 12-wk double-blind study.

[Is the surgical training of French urologists more effective than that of urologists in other European countries?].

Objective: To compare the level of surgical training of French interns with that of interns in other European countries.

Material And Methods: Between 2005 and 2006, an exhaustive questionnaire (www.esnz.

Use of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity: relationship between dose and urodynamic response.

Purpose: Three exploratory studies were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of tolterodine in children 1 month to 15 years old with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. We urodynamically evaluated the dose and concentration effects of tolterodine to establish safe and effective dosing regimens.

Materials And Methods: Three open-label, dose escalating studies were conducted in children with stable neurological disease and detrusor overactivity.

Long-term followup of bilateral high (sober) urinary diversion in patients with posterior urethral valves and its effect on bladder function.

Purpose: Although valve ablation is the treatment of choice in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV), temporary high (ureterostomy) diversion remains controversial. In this study we evaluated the effect of bilateral Sober high urinary diversion on renal and bladder function.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 36 patients with PUV who underwent bilateral Sober-type diversion.

In vivo uptake of [11C]choline does not correlate with cell proliferation in human prostate cancer.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among US men. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]choline has been shown to be useful in the staging and detection of prostate cancer. The background of the increased uptake of choline in human prostate cancer is not completely understood.

Tolterodine treatment for children with symptoms of urinary urge incontinence suggestive of detrusor overactivity: results from 2 randomized, placebo controlled trials.

Purpose: We report the results of the first 2 large randomized controlled trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolterodine extended release in children 5 to 10 years old with symptoms of urinary urge incontinence suggestive of detrusor overactivity.

Materials And Methods: Two double-blind, placebo controlled trials were conducted sequentially. Children 5 to 10 years old with incontinence suggestive of detrusor overactivity (1 or more diurnal incontinence episodes per 24 hours) were randomized to tolterodine (2 mg daily) or placebo for 12 weeks.