Detection of Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot by Imaging Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing MRI, White Blood Cell Scintigraphy, and FDG-PET.

Objective: Diagnosing bone infection in the diabetic foot is challenging and often requires several diagnostic procedures, including advanced imaging. We compared the diagnostic performances of MRI, radiolabeled white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy (either with Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime [HMPAO] or In-oxine), and [F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET)/computed tomography.

Research Design And Methods: We searched Medline and Embase as of August 2016 for studies of diagnostic tests on patients known or suspected to have diabetes and a foot infection.

In vitro imaging of bacteria using F-fluorodeoxyglucose micro positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) can be applied to detect infection and inflammation. However, it was so far not known to what extent bacterial pathogens may contribute to the PET signal. Therefore, we investigated whether clinical isolates of frequently encountered bacterial pathogens take up F-FDG in vitro, and whether FDG inhibits bacterial growth as previously shown for 2-deoxy-glucose.

PET in Benign Bone Marrow Disorders.

This review aims to describe the current status of benign bone marrow (BM) imaging using PET. BM imaging is important as the BM is not only involved in poiesis of different vital cell lines and can be affected by primary BM disorders, but it is also frequently affected by several extramedullary diseases. Indications for the use of PET in benign BM disorders are the detection of extramedullary hematopoiesis, evaluation of patients with a discrepancy between BM histology and clinical status, visualizing BM infarctions, location of the optimal site for BM biopsy, diagnosing and staging of other hematological BM disorders, evaluation of radiotherapy effect on BM, and evaluation of BM transplantation.

Systematic review of cost-effectiveness of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with ischaemic heart disease: A report from the cardiovascular committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. Endorsed by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death and disability. Several diagnostic tests, such as myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), are accurate for the detection of CAD, as well as having prognostic value for the prediction of cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, the diagnostic and prognostic value of these tests should be cost-effective and should lead to improved clinical outcome.

FDG-PET/CT as a New Method for Diagnosis and Whole-Body Evaluation of Lemierre Syndrome.

Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease that is defined by a pharyngeal infection, complicated by septicemia and internal jugular vein thrombosis followed by septic emboli. Because of its rarity, a delay in diagnosis is not uncommon. However, given the mortality rate of approximately 2%, prompt diagnosis and detection of septic emboli are essential to initiate prompt treatment, preventing organ damage and ongoing sepsis.

Multimodality Imaging in Restrictive Cardiomyopathies: An EACVI expert consensus document In collaboration with the "Working Group on myocardial and pericardial diseases" of the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by The Indian Academy of Echocardiography.

Restrictive cardiomyopathies (RCMs) are a diverse group of myocardial diseases with a wide range of aetiologies, including familial, genetic and acquired diseases and ranging from very rare to relatively frequent cardiac disorders. In all these diseases, imaging techniques play a central role. Advanced imaging techniques provide important novel data on the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of RCMs.

Late onset cardiomyopathy as presenting sign of ATTR A45G amyloidosis caused by a novel TTR mutation (p.A65G).

Objective: The clinical description of a novel TTR gene mutation characterized by a late onset amyloid cardiomyopathy.

Methods And Results: A 78-year-old man of Dutch origin with recent surgery for bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was admitted to our hospital because of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (55%). Cardiac ultrasound showed thickened biventricular walls, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging also showed late gadolinium enhancement.

Effect of linagliptin on pulse wave velocity in early type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, controlled 26-week trial (RELEASE).

Aims: To evaluate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and early atherosclerosis in people with early type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 45 people with type 2 diabetes (median [interquartile range] age 63 [54-66] years, 61% men, mean ± standard deviation glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 6.3% ± 0.

Elevated Bone Turnover Markers after Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in Women at Increased Risk for Breast and Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) reduces ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Premenopausal RRSO is hypothesized to increase fracture risk more than natural menopause. Elevated bone turnover markers (BTMs) might predict fracture risk.

Somatostatin receptor based hybrid imaging in sarcoidosis.

Several diagnostic imaging methodologies are available for the clinical evaluation of sarcoidosis, but all have their limitations. FDG PET/CT is frequently used, but this technique does not provide optimal results in all cases. Novel radiopharmaceuticals aimed at other disease targets may be helpful, particularly in cardiac sarcoidosis when FDG PET/CT has a low diagnostic accuracy, due to difficulties in preparing the patients who should use a specific diet combined with prolonged fasting.

Investigation into cardiac sympathetic innervation during the commencement of haemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who undergo chronic haemodialysis (HD) show altered sympathetic tone, which is related to a higher cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transition from pre-HD to HD on cardiac sympathetic innervation.

Methods: Eighteen patients aged 58 ± 18 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]), 13 males and five females, with stage 5 CKD and nine healthy control subjects aged 52 ± 17 (mean ± SD), three males and six females, were included in this prospective study between May 2010 and December 2013.

Textural features of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scanning in diagnosing aortic prosthetic graft infection.

Background: The clinical problem in suspected aortoiliac graft infection (AGI) is to obtain proof of infection. Although F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography scanning (PET) has been suggested to play a pivotal role, an evidence-based interpretation is lacking. The objective of this retrospective study was to examine the feasibility and utility of F-FDG uptake heterogeneity characterized by textural features to diagnose AGI.

Pancreatic Uptake by 18F-FDOPA PET/CT in Patients With Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass Surgery Compared With Controls With or Without Carbidopa Pretreatment.

Purpose: The use of Fluorine-labeled dihydroxy-phenyl-alanine (F-FDOPA) PET/CT in patients with hypoglycemia suspected to be caused by pancreatic disease can be helpful to localize the source of excess insulin production. In this setting, carbidopa pretreatment is not recommended. However, quantitative comparisons of pancreatic tracer uptake in patients with or without carbidopa pretreatment and in diffuse pancreatic disease are lacking.

HDL function is impaired in acute myocardial infarction independent of plasma HDL cholesterol levels.

Background: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. HDL function represents an emerging concept in cardiovascular research.

Objective: This study investigated the association between HDL functionality and acute myocardial infarction (MI) independent of HDL-cholesterol plasma levels.

Nuclear medicine imaging of multiple myeloma, particularly in the relapsed setting.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a monoclonal plasma cell population in the bone marrow. Lytic lesions occur in up to 90 % of patients. For many years, whole-body X-ray (WBX) was the method of choice for detecting skeleton abnormalities.

Changes in taste and smell function, dietary intake, food preference, and body composition in testicular cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Background & Aims: Taste and smell changes due to chemotherapy may contribute to the high prevalence of overweight in testicular cancer patients (TCPs). This study investigates the taste and smell function, dietary intake, food preference, and body composition in TCPs before, during, and up to 1 year after cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Methods: Twenty-one consecutive TCPs participated.

Performance of cardiac cadmium-zinc-telluride gamma camera imaging in coronary artery disease: a review from the cardiovascular committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM).

The trade-off between resolution and count sensitivity dominates the performance of standard gamma cameras and dictates the need for relatively high doses of radioactivity of the used radiopharmaceuticals in order to limit image acquisition duration. The introduction of cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT)-based cameras may overcome some of the limitations against conventional gamma cameras. CZT cameras used for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion have been shown to have a higher count sensitivity compared to conventional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) techniques.

Diagnostic value of imaging in infective endocarditis: a systematic review.

Sensitivity and specificity of the modified Duke criteria for native valve endocarditis are both suboptimal, at approximately 80%. Diagnostic accuracy for intracardiac prosthetic material-related infection is even lower. Non-invasive imaging modalities could potentially improve diagnosis of infective endocarditis; however, their diagnostic value is unclear.

Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer with Textural Features Derived from Pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT Imaging.

Adequate prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in esophageal cancer (EC) patients is important in a more personalized treatment. The current best clinical method to predict pathologic complete response is SUV in F-FDG PET/CT imaging. To improve the prediction of response, we constructed a model to predict complete response to nCRT in EC based on pretreatment clinical parameters and F-FDG PET/CT-derived textural features.

Stress myocardial blood flow correlates with ventricular function and synchrony better than myocardial perfusion reserve: A Nitrogen-13 ammonia PET study.

Background: Cardiac PET quantifies stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) and perfusion reserve (MPR), while ECG-gated datasets can measure components of ventricular function simultaneously. Stress MBF seems to outperform MPR in the detection of significant CAD. However, it is uncertain which perfusion measurement is more related to ventricular function.