Gender rating gap in online reviews.

Although online reviews are used by many people to make decisions, these reviews may be biased. On the basis of 1.2 billion observations across five leading online review platforms and two lab studies (n = 1,172 and n = 1,165; US respondents fluent in English), we provide evidence for a consistent and systematic gender rating gap: women's mean online review ratings are significantly more favourable than men's.

Emotion and motion: Toward emotion recognition based on standing and walking.

Emotion recognition is key to interpersonal communication and to human-machine interaction. Body expression may contribute to emotion recognition, but most past studies focused on a few motions, limiting accurate recognition. Moreover, emotions in most previous research were acted out, resulting in non-natural motion, which is unapplicable in reality.

Help others-be happy? The effect of altruistic behavior on happiness across cultures.

Research has established that altruistic behavior increases happiness. We examined this phenomenon across cultures, differentiating between individualistic and collectivist cultures. We propose that cultural variations in the notion of altruism lead to different effects of helping on the helper's happiness.

Decreased Stress Levels in Nurses: A Benefit of Quiet Time.

Background: The benefits of quiet time, a therapeutic method of improving the health care environment, have been evaluated in patients, but only a few studies have examined the effects of quiet time on intensive care nurses.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of implementing quiet time in a medical-surgical intensive care unit on levels of light, noise, and nurses' stress.

Methods: Quiet time consisted of turning down the unit lights for a designated time.

Factorial validity and gender invariance of the center for epidemiological studies depression in cardiac rehabilitation patients.

Purpose: To find a best-fitting factor structure of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) and test whether this structure is invariant across gender in a cardiac rehabilitation population.

Methods: We examined the data from 920 participants of a cardiac rehabilitation exercise program. Fourteen confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine existing factor solutions from the literature.

Preferences don't have to be personal: expanding attitude theorizing with a cross-cultural perspective.

Attitudes, theorized as behavioral guides, have long been a central focus of research in the social sciences. However, this theorizing reflects primarily Western philosophical views and empirical findings emphasizing the centrality of personal preferences. As a result, the prevalent psychological model of attitudes is a person-centric one.

Higher motivation - greater control? The effect of arousal on judgement.

This research examines control over the effect of arousal, a dimension of affect, on judgement. Past research shows that high processing motivation enhances control over the effects of affect on judgement. Isolating and studying arousal as opposed to valence, the other dimension of affect, and its effect on judgement, we identify boundary conditions for past findings.

Impression Management in Survey Responding: Easier for Collectivists or Individualists?

Three experiments indicate that when individualists and collectivists engage in impression management on self-reports, they do so through different psychological mechanism s. Collectivists do so through a relatively automatic process. Thus, they can impression manage even when cognitively busy.

Invasive zygomycosis in patients with graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Invasive mold infections are a threat to immunosuppressed patients such as patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Up to 10% of SCT recipients develop invasive aspergillosis (IA). Invasive zygomycosis (IZ) may occur during treatment against IA.

Bronchial reactivity in hyperresponsive patients and healthy individuals: demonstration with high resolution computed tomography.

Objective: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to assess the extent of bronchial reactivity after inhalative bronchoprovocation and dilation in hyperresponsive patients and healthy subjects.

Patients And Methods: Patients with mild intermittent asthma, 15 with a >20% decrease in FEV1 and a >10 mmHg (PC20+) in PaO2, 12 with a <20% decrease in FEV1 and a >10 mmHg (PC20-) in PaO2 after provocation, and eight healthy humans were included in the study. Changes in cross-sectional area in a total of 1256 bronchi and in bronchial wall area (792 bronchi) were evaluated after histamine-triggered bronchoprovocation and salbutamol-induced bronchodilation at high lung volumes (FVC 80%).

[HRCT and bronchial asthma: visualization of the pathophysiologic changes of the pulmonary parenchyma after inhalation provocation].

Purpose: To characterize parenchymal lung affections morphologically in patients with asthma and healthy subjects by high -resolution computed tomography (HRCT) subsequent to histamine-triggered inhalation bronchoprovocation and salbutamol-induced broncholysis, and to compare the results with pulmonary function tests.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen asthmatics with bronchial hyperreactivity, with a > 20% decrease in FEV1 and a > 10 mmHg decrease in PaO(2) after bronchoprovocation (PC20%+), twelve asthmatics with a < 20% decrease in FEV1 and a > 10 mmHg decrease in PaO(2) after bronchoprovocation (PC20%-), and eight healthy persons without bronchial hyperreactivity underwent inhalation bronchoprovocation and broncholysis. Spirometer-triggered HRCT at high lung volumes was performed, and total and peripheral lung densities and the amount of solid lung structures, representing predominantly vessels, were measured.

Leadership and satisfaction in tennis: examination of congruence, gender, and ability.

The study investigated: (a) the congruency hypothesis, and (b) the member characteristics hypotheses relating to ability and gender, of Chelladurai's (1978) Multidimensional Model of Leadership. One hundred forty-eight tennis players (77 women) competing at the NCAA Division I and II Tennis Championship level participated in the study. Results indicated athlete satisfaction (Athlete Satisfaction Scale; Riemer & Chelladurai, 1998) was not dependent on the congruence between preferred and perceived leadership behavior.

Severe pulmonary hypertension reversed by antibiotics in a patient with Whipple's disease.

The case is described of a 58 year old man with systemic Whipple's disease with pericardial and pleural effusions and severe pulmonary hypertension. After three months of antibiotic treatment there was a complete resolution, not only of the symptoms known to be associated with Whipple's disease (diarrhoea, arthralgia, pericardial and pleural effusions), but also of pulmonary hypertension.

Whipple's disease: comparison of histology with diagnosis based on polymerase chain reaction in four consecutive cases.

Background: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based detection of species specific sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of Tropheryma whippelii is a recently described method for diagnosis of Whipple's disease.

Aims: Comparison of histology with PCR in mucosal samples of patients with Whipple's disease before, during, and after treatment. Detection of T whippelii in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a non-invasive test for infection.

Effects of neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide on human venous smooth muscle in vivo.

The direct and noradrenaline-modulating effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on venous smooth muscle were studied in healthy volunteers employing the dorsal hand vein compliance technique. Local infusions of NPY had no measurable effect on venous tone, but coinfusion of a constant high dose of NPY (242 pmol/min) with noradrenaline caused a 2.9-fold increase in the mean ED50 for noradrenaline.

Steroid 11ß-hydroxylation by a fungal microsomal cytochrome P450.

The steroid 11ß-hydroxylase activity of the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus was increased about 100-fold by cultivation of mycelia for 4-5 h with 20-hydroxymethyl-1,4-pregnadien-3-one. Cell-free extracts revealed a maximum activity of 45 nmol 11ß-hydroxyprogesterone/h·mg protein in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. The 11ß-hydroxylation was dependent on NADPH.

[The effect of arteriosclerosis on the wall elasticity of the human common carotid artery].

The arterial distensibility and the modulus of volume elasticity of more than 100 isolated human carotid arteries was measured and correlated with arteriosclerosis and aging. The loss of arterial distensibility progresses steadily with aging. Arteries with severe arteriosclerosis and arteries with minimal arteriosclerosis show almost similar distensibility.

Comparison of visual analysis and automatic sleep stage scoring (Oxford Medilog 9000 System).

The Oxford Medilog 9000 System with Sleep Stager, a device for the mobile recording of sleep EEGs and automatic analyses of sleep, was tested with regard to its functional capacity, possible applications and reliability. Four all-night sleep records were evaluated visually and compared with the automatic analysis. Tendentially uniform differences were evident in two areas: the automatically scored sleep onset time was always shorter than the visually assessed time, and the automatic analysis consistently scored less REM than the visual assessment.