Preoperative lymph-node staging of invasive urothelial bladder cancer with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with histopathology.

The treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer are based on the depth of primary tumour invasion and the presence of metastases. A highly accurate preoperative tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) staging is critical to proper patient management and treatment. This study retrospectively investigated the value of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed axial tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative N staging of bladder cancer.

Regulatory measures for implementing new medical devices. Recalling Boneloc.

Through the past decades, new medical devices have been introduced at an increasing pace at the urge primarily of manufacturers, clinicians, and patients. Whereas it is mandatory to assess and approve new pharmaceuticals before their widespread use is allowed, innovations in medical devices generally have not been subject to the same restrictions. The European Community's program on completion of the Internal Market has generated a series of three Directives regulating the safety, reliability, and marketing of practically all non-pharmaceutical medical products.

Position-related changes in voiding dynamics in men.

Objectives: To investigate by urodynamic study position-related changes in uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) in men because altered bladder function in the supine position may be a predisposing factor for urinary tract infections in the institutionalized elderly.

Methods: Two healthy men, 34 and 59 years of age and living at home, and 53 nursing home residents (mean age 71.8 years, range 46 to 92) were evaluated with uroflowmetry in the standing and recumbent positions (lying on the left or right side); corresponding PVRs were measured by transabdominal ultrasonic bladder scanning.

Dog model for studying detrusor instability secondary to acutely induced variable bladder outlet obstruction.

Background: Involuntary detrusor contractions often cause irritative symptoms such as urgency and incontinence. A dog model for acutely induced variable bladder outlet resistance was developed to investigate the possible role of prostatic afferent nerve fibers in the development and maintenance of detrusor instability.

Methods: Fifty-eight mongrel dogs (weight range 19.

Comparison of the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score with the International Prostatic Symptom Score, the Madsen-Iversen and Boyarsky symptom indexes. ALFECH Study Group.

Objective: To compare the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS) with the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS). Madsen-Iversen and Boyarsky symptom indexes in a clinical setting, and to evaluate the potential significance of any differences in information obtained from these questionnaires.

Patients And Methods: The study comprised two substudies: in the first, 205 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), a Madsen-Iversen score > 6 and a maximum flow rate of < 10 mL/s were randomized to receive either placebo or alfuzosin in a double-blind study of 16 weeks.

Preservation of bladder tissue in different solutions for varying times.

Objectives: To evaluate three popular storage media and the effect of 24-hour cold storage on bladder tissue.

Methods: Guinea pig bladders were stored in three solutions: UW solution (a media used for transplant organs), Reznikoff solution [cell culture medium], and Krebs' solution with and without aeration.

Results: Cell potassium and sodium concentrations and total tissue water (a measurement of cell swelling) are important parameters for evaluating tissue damage.

[Evaluation of symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of voiding dysfunction in elderly men. With the age related demographic changes in the western world, the epidemiological and economical burden of BPH is anticipated to increase. BPH is clinically diagnosed on a variety of more or less well defined symptomatic, macroscopical, and physiological criteria, whereas the histological diagnosis is straightforward.

Transurethral resection versus incision of the prostate: a randomized, prospective study.

Objectives: To evaluate longer term effects of transurethral resection (TURP) and incision (TUIP) of the prostate in randomized patients.

Methods: In a randomized, prospective study, 120 patients with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction caused by smaller benign prostates (estimated resectable weight less than 20 g) were assigned to TURP or TUIP. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at intervals postoperatively as to urinary symptoms (Madsen's questionnaire), sexual function, and uroflowmetry.

[Long-term results of transurethral prostate incision (TUIP) and transurethral prostate resection (TURP). A prospective randomized study].

TUIP (transurethral incision of the prostate) or TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) was performed in 120 patients to treat small-volume (< 20 g) benign prostatic hyperplasia in a prospective randomized study. The mean follow up was 43 months. Preoperatively and at regular follow-up visits obstructive and irritative symptom scores were obtained, sexual function was evaluated, and a uroflow study was performed.

Controversies about the clinical assessment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disorder which places a considerable burden on older men and health care expenses. With advances in medical technologies and the foreseeable demographic changes in the Western world, the financial and epidemiological impact of this chronic disease is expected to increase further. The management of BPH is controversial, and this article critically reviews the clinical applicability and validity of the various measures available for assessment.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction and voiding symptoms in elderly men. The pathogenesis is not fully determined but a combination of androgens and age are needed for development of BPH. Symptoms of BPH are divided into obstructive and irritative symptoms but large interpersonal variability is found and no specific BPH symptom exists.

Risk factors for bacteriuria in men.

Objective: To identify risk factors for bacteriuria in a selected group of institutionalized men.

Methods: A total of 99 men, mean age seventy-one years, range forty-eight to one hundred four years, living in a nursing home were evaluated for diagnoses of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and diabetes mellitus (DM), symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction, and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR). At the time of evaluation urine cultures were performed for all subjects.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Current pharmacological treatment.

During the past decades, pharmacological treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has become a fairly established modality. Approaches include blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors and suppression of androgens. Patients eligible for drug treatment are those with mild to moderate symptoms of BPH and no strong indications for surgery.

[Approval process of "medical devices" exemplified by the penile prosthesis].

The penile prosthesis AMS Hydroflex was successfully introduced in 1985, yet only 5 years later was withdrawn from the market. The approval process of medical devices in the USA and Switzerland is critically analyzed. While the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for approving the marketing of medical devices in the USA no such office exists in Switzerland.

Analysis of variation in prostate-specific antigen values.

This retrospective study analyzes variation in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 129 males who were not diagnosed with prostate cancer or other known malignancies. The extent to which the assay and the biologic variation contributed to the variation in PSA concentration was evaluated from analysis of slopes characterizing PSA concentration as a function of time. The mean coefficient of variation on observations was 58.

Absence of urethral strictures with suprapubic urinary drainage during extracorporeal circulation.

Postoperative urethral strictures following extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery are not uncommon. The etiology is not clear. Ischemia and pressure of the Foley catheter may cause a lesion that eventually leads to urethral stricture.

The Hydroflex penile prosthesis: a test case for the introduction of new urological technology.

The AMS Hydroflex* penile prosthesis was introduced for commercial distribution in 1985 but 5 years later this device was no longer available on the United States market. In an attempt to understand why this device, which initially enjoyed substantial popularity, was abruptly withdrawn from the market, patients who underwent implantation at the University of Wisconsin were interviewed and a critical analysis of the Food and Drug Administration approval process of medical devices was performed. An AMS Hydroflex penile prosthesis was implanted in 17 patients (mean age 57.

Transurethral incision of the prostate and bladder neck.

Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) is compared to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) by reviewing nonrandomized, matched, and randomized studies. These studies indicate that incision of the prostate and bladder neck relieves outflow urinary obstruction, as does TURP. The incision is relatively easier to learn and perform, and requires shorter operative time compared to TURP.