F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Compared with Current Imaging Procedures for Preoperative Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroids in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes secondary (sHPT) and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (tHPT). Considering that the role of preoperative imaging in the clinical setting is controversial, in the present study we have retrospectively compared pre-surgical diagnostic performances of F-Fluorocholine (F-FCH) PET/CT, cervical ultrasonography (US), parathyroid scintigraphy, and 4D-CT in a group of 30 patients with CKD and HPT (18/12 sHPT/tHPT), 21 CKD G5 including 18 in dialysis, and 9 kidney transplant recipients. All patients underwent F-FCH, and 22 had cervical US, 12 had parathyroid scintigraphy, and 11 had 4D-CT.

Diffusion-weighted and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI in parotid gland tumors.

Purpose: To evaluate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with surgically treated parotid tumors between January 2009 and June 2020, who underwent a preoperative parotid gland MRI including standard morphological sequences, diffusion-weighted echoplanar imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient measurement and T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MRI sequences with Fat Saturation. The lesion was classified between malignant vs benign and precisions regarding its histological type were given when possible.

F-Fluorocholine PET and 4D-CT in Patients with Persistent and Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) can develop persistent (P-pHPT) or recurrent (R-pHPT) disease after parathyroidectomy. Before recommending reoperation, recurrence must be accurately identified because of the high risk of complications. Our study evaluates F-fluorocholine (F-FCH) PET/CT and 4D-CT integrated in PET/4D-CT in patients with P-pHPT/R-pHPT.

Present and future of the labyrinth imaging: Focus on the use of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced delayed FLAIR (1 h) sequences.

Objective: Part of the recent progress in the labyrinth imaging has been made possible by the rise of contrast-free T2-weighted and delayed (1h) FLAIR sequences. The aim of this article is to review evidence for the use of these two sequences to image the inner ear, especially the posterior membranous labyrinth.

Material And Methods: We analyzed MRI-based papers (2007-2020)using high-resolution T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced FLAIR (1h) sequences to image the inner ear.

Importance of signal intensity on T1-weighted spin-echo sequence for the diagnosis of chronic cholesteatomatous otitis.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the importance of a non-injected T1-weighted spin-echo sequence (T1WSE) combined with a non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted (non-EPDW) sequence for the pre-operative detection of cholesteatoma by the radiologist on MRI, compared to surgery.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective case review, 113 patients with chronic otitis underwent surgery (gold standard) for a clinical suspicion of cholesteatoma. Our primary outcome was to compare non-EPDW images + a contrast-free T1WSE sequence for cholesteatoma detection.

CT and MRI for the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula: a study of 17 surgically confirmed patients.

Background: We evaluated the usefulness of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula (PLF) of the round (RW) and/or oval (OW) windows, with surgery as gold standard.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 17 patients who presented a surgically confirmed PLF of the round (RW) or oval (OW) windows. All patients were imaged by CT + MRI (T2W SSFP without contrast) prior to surgery (= gold standard).

Magnetic resonance imaging after cochlear implants.

Introduction: Most cochlear implants are currently compatible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) up to 3 T. Nevertheless, this does not completely eliminate the risk of serious accidents. Implant displacements and other adverse events with compatible implants have been reported in the literature.

Iatrogenic meningoencephalocele after traumatic perforation of the cribriform plate during nasal intubation of a preterm infant.

Traumatic iatrogenic meningoencephaloceles infants are rare and there is no consensus on management in the literature. This article presents a case of a meningoencephalocele diagnosed 15 months after a traumatic perforation of the cribriform plate due to a difficult intubation of a preterm infant that was treated by an endoscopic endonasal surgery. A close collaboration between pediatricians and ENT surgeons appears essential for early diagnosis and management.

The Role of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach in the Multimodal Management of Giant Pituitary Adenoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) are defined as pituitary lesions larger than 40 mm of diameter. Surgical resection remains the gold standard to decompress the optic apparatus, reduce lesion load, and preserve hormonal function. The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of pituitary adenomas and skull base tumors due to the wide angle of view and exposure.

Imaging sphenoid diseases.

In this review we provide comprehensive analysis of the imaging features of diseases affecting the sphenoid sinus, including a large and heterogeneous spectrum of pathologies such as sinusitis, pseudotumours, bony pathologies, and tumours. Clinical symptomatology related to sphenoid pathologies is often non-specific and patient clinical examination and endoscopic investigations are not definitive; thus, radiological imaging is mandatory for diagnosis. Strengths and limitations of both morphological and functional imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and combined positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have been considered and integrated into a well-defined clinical context in order to recognise specific imaging features and to underline their clinical relevance for an early and accurate diagnosis.

Conservative management of an atypical intra-sinusal ossifying fibroma associated to an aneurysmal bone cyst.

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion mainly occurring in young adults and seems to originate from the periodontal ligament. Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign intraosseous lesion characterized by blood-filled spaces of various sizes. These two lesions can specifically affect the jaws and are commonly described in the literature.

Head-to-head comparison between F-FDOPA PET/CT and MR/CT angiography in clinically recurrent head and neck paragangliomas.

Purpose: Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) can relapse after primary treatment. Optimal imaging protocols have not yet been established for posttreatment evaluation. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of F-FDOPA PET/CT and MR/CT angiography (MRA/CTA) in HNPGL patients with clinical relapse during their follow-up.

Imaging of the saccule for the diagnosis of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere disease, using a three-dimensional T2-weighted steady state free precession sequence: accurate, fast, and without contrast material intravenous injection.

Background: Endolymphatic hydrops can be studied on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using images acquired 4 h after intravenous injection of Gd-chelate. Our aim was to compare high-resolution T2-weighted images of the saccule in normal subjects with histological sections from cadavers and to identify its changes in Meniere disease, compared to healthy volunteers.

Methods: Sixty-four healthy volunteers without any otologic disease and 64 patients who fulfilled all the criteria for unilateral Meniere disease underwent 3 T MRI using a T2-weighted steady state free precession (SSFP) sequence, without contrast material injection.

Method for dealing with severe aspiration using a new concept of intralaryngeal prosthesis: A case report.

Background: Deglutition disorders are frequent in patients treated for cancer of the oropharynx, and are responsible for severe aspiration and, in some cases, may require the use of enteral nutrition by gastrostomy or tracheotomy.

Methods: We present the case of a patient with a medical history of infiltrating laryngeal carcinoma treated by partial laryngectomy and radiochemotherapy, presenting severe aspiration causing significant weight loss. The patient received a new intralaryngeal prosthesis to prevent aspiration with the objective of regaining safe oral nutrition and closure of the tracheotomy.

[Congenital lacrimonasal duct cyst: Do not forget this radiological and clinical entity].

Although obstruction of the lacrimonasal duct is a fairly common finding in newborns, development of a dacryocystocele (nasolacrimal duct cyst) is uncommon and is caused by stenosis in the proximal and distal area of the nasolacrimal duct leading to a cystic dilatation. Its diagnosis remains difficult for the pediatrician, the ENT specialist, the ophthalmologist, and the radiologist. The study of six cases of dacryocystocele and the review of the literature led the authors to describe the clinical and radiological features of this uncommon entity.

Value of MRI olfactory bulb evaluation in the assessment of olfactory dysfunction in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Olfactory bulb (OB) volume evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be related to olfactory dysfunction in many different diseases. Olfactory dysfunction is often overlooked in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) patients and is rarely objectively evaluated by MRI. We present a series of 20 BBS patients with olfactory dysfunction.

Middle ear cholesteatoma: Compared diagnostic performances of two incremental MRI protocols including non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging acquired on 3T and 1.5T scanners.

Background And Purpose: To compare diagnostic performances for cholesteatoma diagnosis of incremental MRI protocols including non-echo planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) performed on 3T and 1.5T scanners.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine patients with suspected cholesteatoma underwent 3T and 1.

Pseudotumoral allergic fungal sinusitis with skull base involvement.

Here we report a case of pseudotumoral recurrence of allergic fungal sinusitis with involvement of the skull base that was successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids and itraconazole without surgery. This report discusses the sometimes misleading radiological and clinical features as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of a condition that should be recognized by ENT specialists, neurosurgeons, ophtalmologists and radiologists.

Olfaction evaluation and correlation with brain atrophy in Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a well-recognized ciliopathy characterized by cardinal features namely: early onset retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, obesity, hypogonadism, renal and cognitive impairment. Recently, disorders of olfaction (anosmia, hyposmia) have been also described in BBS patients. Moreover, morphological brain anomalies have been reported and prompt for further investigations to determine whether they are primary or secondary to peripheral organ involvement (i.

Interest of [18F]FDG PET/CT for treatment efficacy assessment in aggressive phenotype of sarcoidosis with special emphasis on sinonasal involvement.

Aim: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of [18F]FDG PET/CT for treatment efficacy assessment in patients with severe multisystemic phenotype of sarcoidosis with special emphasis on sinonasal involvement.

Methods: Thirteen patients with biopsy-proven sinonasal sarcoidosis (SNS) who underwent two [18F]FDG-PET/CT were selected. PET/CT results were correlated with nasal endoscopy, biology and conventional imaging techniques (CT, MRI).

[Morpho-functional imaging in a patient with hyperparathyroidism and multifocal maxillary brown tumor].

Introduction: Brown tumors are uncommon osteolytic lesions directly related to the increased osteoclastic activity due to hyperparathyroidism.

Case Report: A 37-year-old woman presented with hypercalcemia related to primary hyperparathyroidism. Multiple and bilateral maxillary osteolytic lesions showing intense fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) uptake were noted in a positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT).