Serum anti-glycan-antibodies in relatives of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Serum anti-glycan antibodies are a promising tool for differential diagnosis, disease stratification and prediction of Crohn's disease (CD). To investigate possible heritability of the markers we assessed the presence of serum anti-glycan antibodies in affected and unaffected relatives of patients with CD.

Methods: Serum samples of 169 IBD patients of the German inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) network (140 CD & 29 Ulcerative colitis (UC)), 349 relatives of CD patients, 63 relatives of UC patients and 46 healthy controls were tested for the presence of anti-glycan antibodies by ELISA in a blinded fashion.

The effect of the use of mouthwash on ethylglucuronide concentrations in urine.

Two studies were performed to evaluate the effect of alcohol containing mouthwash on the appearance of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in urine. In the first study, 9 volunteers were given a 4-oz bottle of mouthwash, which contained 12% ethanol. They gargled with all 4 oz.

Filtration capture immunoassay for bacteria: optimization and potential for urinalysis.

A novel assay utilizing immuno-labeling, filtration, and electrochemistry for the rapid detection of bacteria has been optimized for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacteria were specifically labeled with alkaline phosphatase conjugated polyclonal antibodies and captured on a polycarbonate track-etched membrane filter (0.2 microm pore size).

The determination of cocaine in hair: a review.

The explosion of literature related to the analysis of hair for cocaine and its products is reviewed. In the commonly accepted applications of hair testing for cocaine, those related to criminal or civil investigations and pharmacotoxicologic studies occupy most of the relevant published work. This review uses detailed, 'binary' (yes/no) tables to demonstrate trends in the literature, and allows researchers and caseworkers quick access to the literature most important for answering a variety of questions.

Silicon analysis in biological specimens by direct current plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy.

A method for the determination of total elemental silicon concentrations in biological fluids by direct current plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES) is presented. The method is linear up to 30 micrograms/mL in blood, serum, plasma, and urine, with a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/mL.

Estimation of perimortal percent carboxy-heme in nonstandard postmortem specimens using analysis of carbon monoxide by GC/MS and iron by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

In decomposed, formalin-fixed, embalmed, exhumed, and some fire-dried cases in which normal blood is unavailable, the usual methods for determination of carboxyhemoglobin saturation frequently fail. To address these specimens, a method utilizing both gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) determination of carbon monoxide (CO) and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) determination of iron (Fe), in the same specimen, was developed. The method is reported here, along with its application to seven pertinent forsensic death investigations.

Applications of biological monitoring in occupational health practice: practical application of urinary 2-ethoxyacetic acid to assess exposure to 2-ethoxyethyl acetate in large format silk-screening operations.

A practical application of urinary 2-ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) to assess occupational exposure to 2-ethoxyethyl acetate (EGEE-Ac) during a large format silk-screening operation is described. Industrial hygiene air monitoring of employees of a silk-screen shop producing large aircraft interior panel coverings revealed a broad range of exposures to EGEE-Ac. Time weighted exposures averaged 12 ppm (range 2.

Cocaine and some of its products in hair by RIA and GC/MS.

Noncomminuted hair samplings (100 mg) from 132 individuals were analyzed for cocaine products by both RIA and GC/MS with D3 internal standards and selected ions for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and methylecgonine. Ethanol and pH 7 buffer washing until the washes were negative by RIA or GC/MS were followed by overnight digestion in warm 0.1M HCI.

Sensitive, selective detection and differentiation of salicylates and metabolites in urine by a simple HPTLC method.

We present a method for salicylates which is slightly more labor intensive than the usual manual Trinder's test, but is much more sensitive and able to identify individual drugs or metabolites. A 2-mL acidified urine aliquot is briefly extracted with 5 mL ether, and the residue from evaporating the ether under nitrogen is chromatographed on a 250-microns silica gel HPTLC plate using benzene-acetic acid-diethylether-methanol (60:9:30:5) as mobile phase and 5% aqueous ferric chloride as chromogen. The hardiness of the method is evidenced by the Rf values, which vary by no more than 3% over a four-month period.

Direct automated EMIT d.a.u. analysis of N,N-dimethylformamide-modified serum, plasma, and postmortem blood for amphetamines, barbiturates, methadone, methaqualone, phencyclidine, and propoxyphene.

The addition of two volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to serum, plasma, and postmortem blood with subsequent centrifugation resulted in supernatant that could be directly analyzed by EMIT d.a.u.

Determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in urine by instrumental high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

An instrumental high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) technique for the determination of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in urine was developed. Before chromatographic separation, a single-step extraction with alkaline wash is performed. The procedure can detect less than 1 microgram LSD/L urine.

Aspirin acetylates the tricyclic antidepressant amoxapine spontaneously to N-acetylamoxapine in vitro and in vivo.

1. N-Acetylamoxapine is formed nonenzymically in vitro, and in mice, from amoxapine, a tricyclic antidepressant, and aspirin. 2.

Direct automated EMIT d.a.u. analysis of N,N-dimethylformamide-modified serum, plasma, and postmortem blood for benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, cannabinoids, and opiates.

Serum, plasma, and postmortem blood treated with two volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and centrifuged, were directly analyzable by means of the EMIT d.a.u.

Quantitative determination of phenelzine in human fluids by gas chromatography with nitrogen specific detection.

A quantitative gas chromatographic assay for the determination of phenelzine in plasma or other fluids is presented. A stable derivative is formed by cyclization with acetylacetone, and the derivative is separated, purified, and concentrated by liquid-liquid solvent extraction. Analysis of the extracts is by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen specific detection.

Oleandrin distribution in a fatality from rectal and oral Nerium oleander extract administration.

In a fatal (cardiotoxic) case of oleander extract poisoning of a young female, ethanol extracts of blood and tissue homogenates were purified by lead acetate. After removal of excess lead by ammonium sulfate, oleandrin was extracted into chloroform. Oleandrin in the extract concentrates was detected by thin-layer chromatography, with location by fluorescence and chromogenically by means of p-anisaldehyde.

The medical and scientific evidence in alleged tubocurarine poisonings. A review of the so-called Dr. X case.

The problem of proving the presence or absence of a poison in a buried cadaver is the central theme of this presentation. Certain general questions are posed which may serve to guide those seeking to determine the cause of death in buried cadavers and allegedly due to a poison. Medicolegal and scientific evidence is presented from the court records of five deaths which were alleged homicides due to intravenous tubocurarine.

Determination of carboxyhemoglobin in the presence of other blood hemoglobin pigments by visible spectrophotometry.

The convenience of the spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin has been tempered by the observation that the analysis of postmortem bloods is often biased by the presence of pigments other than oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and reduced hemoglobin. These other pigments include most prominently methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin. Using a microprocessor-controlled spectrophotometer, a method was developed depending on absorbance difference measurements at isosbestic points for oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and reduced hemoglobin that is accurate down to 2% carboxyhemoglobin in fresh blood.

Bioavailability of glipizide and its effect on blood glucose and insulin levels in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

The bioavailability of glipizide, plasma glucose, and insulin levels were measured in seven patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Glucose and insulin response to three standard meals was measured at 11 identical time points on the day of placebo administration and on the first and 15th day of glipizide administration (mean dose of 8.7 mg glipizide orally per day).