Lipidic folding pathway of α-Synuclein via a toxic oligomer.

Aggregation intermediates play a pivotal role in the assembly of amyloid fibrils, which are central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The structures of filamentous intermediates and mature fibrils are now efficiently determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. By contrast, smaller pre-fibrillar α-Synuclein (αS) oligomers, crucial for initiating amyloidogenesis, remain largely uncharacterized.

Differences in Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates Among People with HIV during 2001-2019 By Race and Ethnicity and By Risk Group in the United States.

Background: Cancer risk among people with HIV (PWH) has declined over time as a result of antiretroviral therapy, but it is unclear whether all racial/ethnic groups and transmission risk groups have experienced equal declines.

Methods: We used data on PWH aged ≥20 years old from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study during 2001-2019. We used Poisson regression to assess time trends in incidence rates for each cancer site by racial/ethnicity and risk group, adjusting for age, registry, and sex.

Elemental mapping in single-particle reconstructions by reconstructed electron energy-loss analysis.

For macromolecular structures determined by cryogenic electron microscopy, no technique currently exists for mapping elements to defined locations, leading to errors in the assignment of metals and other ions, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors and lipids that play essential roles in activity and regulation. Elemental mapping in the electron microscope is well established for dose-tolerant samples but is challenging for biological samples, especially in a cryo-preserved state. Here we combine electron energy-loss spectroscopy with single-particle image processing to allow elemental mapping in cryo-preserved macromolecular complexes.

Cefazolin-induced hemolytic anemia in septic arthritis: A case report.

A 50-year-old woman living with untreated HIV and injection drug use presented with right shoulder pain. The shoulder exam and computed tomography (CT) scan were concerning for septic arthritis. She was started on empiric vancomycin and cefepime and underwent right shoulder debridement and humeral head resection.

Defective mitochondrial COX1 translation due to loss of COX14 function triggers ROS-induced inflammation in mouse liver.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) fuels cellular ATP demands. OXPHOS defects lead to severe human disorders with unexplained tissue specific pathologies. Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for OXPHOS biogenesis since core subunits of the complexes are mitochondrial-encoded.

Unmet Needs for Ancillary Services by Provider Type Among People With Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Unmet needs for ancillary services are substantial among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), and provider type could influence the prevalence of unmet needs for these services.

Methods: Data from a national probability sample of PWH were analyzed from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Medical Monitoring Project. We analyzed 2019 data on people who had ≥1 encounter with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care provider (N = 3413) and their care facilities.

Is the Differentiated Service Delivery Model Suited to the Needs of People Living with HIV in Rwanda?

The primary goal of antiretroviral treatment is to improve the health of individuals with HIV, and a secondary goal is to prevent further transmission. In 2016, Rwanda adopted the World Health Organization's "treat-all" approach in combination with the differentiated service delivery (DSD) model. The model's goal was to shorten the time from HIV diagnosis to treatment initiation, regardless of the CD4 T-cell count.

Optoelectronic Readout of Single Er Adatom's Electronic States Adsorbed on the Si(100) Surface at Low Temperature (9 K).

Integrating nanoscale optoelectronic functions is vital for applications such as optical emitters, detectors, and quantum information. Lanthanide atoms show great potential in this endeavor due to their intrinsic transitions. Here, we investigate Er adatoms on Si(100)-2×1 at 9 K using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) coupled to a tunable laser.

Do HIV Care Outcomes Differ by Provider Type?

Background: We compared HIV care outcomes by HIV provider type to inform efforts to strengthen the HIV provider workforce.

Setting: United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Medical Monitoring Project collected during June, 2019-May, 2021 from 6323 adults receiving HIV medical care.

Cryo-EM structures of lipidic fibrils of amyloid-β (1-40).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques. Investigation into the composition of these plaques revealed a high amount of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils and a high concentration of lipids, suggesting that fibril-lipid interactions may also be relevant for the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, we grew Aβ40 fibrils in the presence of lipid vesicles and determined their structure by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to high resolution.

MIC10b can polymerize into cristae-shaping filaments.

Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that are crucial for cellular energy metabolism. The formation of cristae requires the presence of a protein complex known as MICOS, which is conserved across eukaryotic species. One of the subunits of this complex, MIC10, is a transmembrane protein that supports cristae formation by oligomerization.

Interhemispheric transfer time correlates with white matter integrity of the corpus callosum in healthy older adults.

The corpus callosum (CC) has been identified as an important structure in the context of cognitive aging (Fling et al., 2011). Interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) is regularly used in order to estimate interhemispheric integration enabled by the CC (Marzi, 2010; Nowicka and Tacikowski, 2011).

ATG9 resides on a unique population of small vesicles in presynaptic nerve terminals.

In neurons, autophagosome biogenesis occurs mainly in distal axons, followed by maturation during retrograde transport. Autophagosomal growth depends on the supply of membrane lipids which requires small vesicles containing ATG9, a lipid scramblase essential for macroautophagy/autophagy. Here, we show that ATG9-containing vesicles are enriched in synapses and resemble synaptic vesicles in size and density.

The proteolysis of ZP proteins is essential to control cell membrane structure and integrity of developing tracheal tubes in .

Membrane expansion integrates multiple forces to mediate precise tube growth and network formation. Defects lead to deformations, as found in diseases such as polycystic kidney diseases, aortic aneurysms, stenosis, and tortuosity. We identified a mechanism of sensing and responding to the membrane-driven expansion of tracheal tubes.

The UTH-UMB Global Health Education Collaboration: Building a Bidirectional Exchange Based on Equity and Reciprocity.

The global health exchange program between the University Teaching Hospitals (UTH) of Lusaka, Zambia and the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB) has been operating since 2015. As trainees and facilitators of this exchange program, we describe our experiences working in Lusaka and Baltimore, and strengths and challenges of the partnership. Since 2015, we have facilitated rotations for 71 UMB trainees, who spent four weeks on the Infectious Disease (ID) team at UTH.

Fulminant Hepatic Failure as the Initial Presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma in 4 Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a common non-AIDS-defining cancer with increasing incidence in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Through review of these cases, we identify clinical patterns such as declining CD4 count despite ART, hyperbilirubinemia and recurrent fever, which preceded diagnosis. Identifying these important signs and symptoms may lead to earlier diagnosis and initiation of therapy.

The relationship between interhemispheric transfer time and physical activity as well as cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy older adults.

The structural and functional degradation of the corpus callosum (CC) has been shown to play an important role in the context of cognitive aging (Reuter-Lorenz and Stanczak, 2000). This is also reflected by findings of elongated interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) in older adults (Riedel et al., 2022).

The impact of aging on interhemispheric transfer time and respective sex differences.

Age-related cognitive decline has been attributed to degeneration of the corpus callosum (CC), which allows for interhemispheric integration and information processing [22,69]. Along with decreased structural integrity, altered functional properties of the CC may cause impaired cognitive performance in older adults, yet this aspect of age-related decline remains insufficiently researched [59]. In this context, potential sex-related differences have been proposed [31,58].

Prevalence of HIV drug resistance in Nigeria: results from a cross-sectional, population-based survey of Nigerian adults with unsuppressed viral load.

Background: HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) surveillance is an important tool to monitor threats to progress towards epidemic control. The characterization of HIVDR in Nigeria at the national level is needed to inform both clinical decisions and population-level HIV policy strategies. This study uses data obtained from the Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) to describe the prevalence and distribution of HIVDR in Nigeria.

Multi-color live-cell STED nanoscopy of mitochondria with a gentle inner membrane stain.

Capturing mitochondria's intricate and dynamic structure poses a daunting challenge for optical nanoscopy. Different labeling strategies have been demonstrated for live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy of mitochondria, but orthogonal strategies are yet to be established, and image acquisition has suffered either from photodamage to the organelles or from rapid photobleaching. Therefore, live-cell nanoscopy of mitochondria has been largely restricted to two-dimensional (2D) single-color recordings of cancer cells.