Prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and MRI-lesions in mild neurological decompression sickness (type B-DCS/AGE).

Background: Neurological decompression sickness (DCS/AGE) may cover two variants with either severer and probably central nervous (Type A) or milder and sometimes doubtful neurological symptoms (Type B). The pathophysiology of the Type B-DCS/AGE might be different from the Type A-variant. In Type A-DCS/AGE a higher PFO-prevalence (patent foramen ovale) points towards an embolic origin of the Type A-symptomatology.

Cerebral autoregulation is temporarily disturbed in the early recovery phase after dynamic resistance exercise.

Aim: To determine cerebral blood-flow velocity (CBFV) and parameters of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) during and after exhausting resistance exercise.

Methods: Strength endurance (23 repetitions) and maximal strength training (8 repetitions) in 16 female and 16 male athletes on a leg curler (m. quadriceps training; approx.

Incidence of abnormal cerebral findings in the MRI of clinically healthy divers: role of a patent foramen ovale.

Background: To investigate incidence and number of abnormal cerebral hyperintensities (ACFs) in Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) and its relation to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in divers with no history of decompression illness.

Methods: Cohort study on 50 divers (21-5500 dives).

Main Outcome Measures: Incidence and number of ACFs visualized by cranial MRI and presence and size of a PFO as documented by echocardiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) with echocontrast.

Noninvasive myocardial contractility monitoring with seismocardiography during simulated dives.

Objective: To determine if bradycardia during hyperbaric exposure is accompanied by a negative influence on myocardial contractility.

Methods: Accelerometer-based registration of myocardial compression waves with Seismocardiography (SCG) for noninvasive contractility monitoring. Comparative pulmonary artery (PA) catheter study (9 ICU-patients, mean = 67ys) with ejection-fraction (EF) equivalent versus sum of g-values of contraction phase in SCG, and Preload (leg-positioning).

Determinants of fat mass in prepubertal children.

The aim of the present study was to compare variables of metabolism, physical activity and fitness to body composition in normal and overweight children in a cross-sectional study design. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis in forty-eight prepubertal children (age 5-11 years, thirteen normal-weight, thirty-five overweight). Total energy expenditure (EE) was measured by combination of indirect calorimetry (for measurement of resting EE) and individually calibrated 24 h heart-rate (HR) monitoring.

Is TV viewing an index of physical activity and fitness in overweight and normal weight children?

Objective: To assess relationships between TV viewing and body composition, energy expenditure, physical activity, fitness and nutrition habits in prepubertal children.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Subjects: Sixty prepubertal children (mean body mass index: 20.

Association between different attributes of physical activity and fat mass in untrained, endurance- and resistance-trained men.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess different attributes of physical activity and fitness and their relationship to nutritional state in endurance- and resistance-trained, compared to untrained men. The subjects were 42 men matched for age, of which 13 were untrained [UT, mean age 30.2 years, mean height 180.

Relationships between physical activity, physical fitness, muscle strength and nutritional state in 5- to 11-year-old children.

The purpose of the present study was to assess different aspects of physical activity and fitness in order to develop a basis for sport programmes for overweight and obese children. Eighty-eight prepubertal children (49 boys, 39 girls, 4.8-11.

No effect of gender on different components of daily energy expenditure in free living prepubertal children.

Background: There are limited and controversial data on the influence of gender on metabolic rate in prepubertal children.

Objective: To assess the effect of gender on resting energy expenditure (REE), activity-related energy expenditure (AEE), total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in free-living prepubertal children.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Blood lactate changes in men during graded workloads at normal atmospheric pressure (100 kPa) and under simulated caisson conditions (400 kPa).

Objectives: A hyperbaric environment may influence lactate metabolism due to hyperoxia affecting biochemical pathways. The purpose of our study was to determine the blood lactate levels occurring at high workloads in a sample of professional divers under simulated caisson conditions. The ambient air pressure was equivalent to a diving depth of 30 m of seawater (400 kPa).

Orthostatic hypotension: how to avoid it during antihypertensive therapy.

This was a double-blind randomized study comparing the efficacy of two alpha 1-antagonists, bunazosin retard and prazosin retard, in 185 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Additionally, specific orthostatic tolerance was evaluated by a standardized test (Schellong test). Both 1 to 4 mg prazosin daily and 6 or 12 mg bunazosin daily achieved satisfactory blood pressure reduction (diastolic pressure reduced by at least 10 mm Hg) in 48% and 41% of patients, respectively.

Ammonia and lactate: differential information on monitoring training load in sprint events.

Two hypotheses were tested concerning training relevance of ammonia in capillary blood compared with lactate after extensive and intensive high-paced runs. 1. There is a load threshold at which ammonia concentration deviates statistically significantly from the pre-load level, while lactate indicates already anaerobic metabolic processes at extensive training loads.

Cardiovascular reactions during exhausting isometric exercise while windsurfing on a simulator or at sea.

Eleven amateurs and two internationally ranked windsurfers performed isometric exercise on a windsurfing simulator to the point of exhaustion. The two professional windsurfers maintained their position during exercise two times longer than those of the other group. The following mean values (n = 11) were measured during the exercise: the blood pressure increased from 114 +/- 6.

[Therapeutic aspects of orthostatic dysfunction].

In two open intraindividual controlled clinical trials efficacy of placebo, Dihydergot and etilefrine as well as a combination of Dihydergot and etilefrine on the parameters "venous capacity", "circulatory response to orthostatic stress" and "blood pressure" was compared under acute and chronic therapy. Under acute conditions (15 healthy individuals; medication: placebo 0.25 Dihydergot i.

[Physiology of orthostatic regulation].

The arterial blood pressure is integrated into a feedback control system and practically depends on three parameters, i. e. blood volume, heart dynamics, and peripheral resistance.

Swimming: stress and training.

The short term and the training effects of water immersion and swimming on ventilatory and circulatory parameters of the human organism were described using our own results and data from the literature. It is suggested that swimming has not only the common positive effects on the physical efficiency observed in other types of sport but seems to improve the orthostatic regulation of the circulation. Furthermore, the physical effects of water immersion and the special pattern of muscular activity during swimming favour the adaptation of the heart to the circulatory demands.