[Emergency ERCP and acute biliary pancreatitis].

In the period from 1992 to 1997, a total of 130 urgent therapeutic ERCPs were performed at the 2nd Department of Surgery of the Faculty of Medicine in Brno. The examination was indicated because of acute pancreatitis, acute septic cholangitis, and papillary ileus. Fifty nine patients with proven acute biliary pancreatitis and successful endoscopic papillosphincterotomy were followed up subsequently.

[100 emergency ERCPs performed at a surgery department].

Since the year 1989 the authors, surgeons, performed more then 1600 ERCP. In the period of 1992 to 1995 urgent ERCP was indicated in one hundred cases when block of papila Vateri, cholangitis or acute pancreatitis were suspected. Our results in ERCP were: cholangitis with common bile duct stones 14, pancreatitis acuta biliaris 53, pancreatitis acuta nonbiliiaris 28, other diagnosis 1.

[Initial experience with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a surgery department].

The authors present their initial experience with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and draw attention to its advantages and risks. As a basis they use their own group of patients, most of them in a very poor condition where it proved possible to ensure by this method enteral nutrition on a long-term basis.

[How to grasp the gallbladder reliably].

The authors describe a new laparoscopic instrument to be used for reliable gripping of tissue. The instrument is very simple from the technical aspect. Due to the firm and reliable grip the preparation of tissue is greatly facilitated.

[Juxtapapillary diverticulum--the effect on endoscopic interventions and diagnosis].

Juxtapapillary diverticula are found in the contemporary population according to various sources in 10-20%. Their importance in the pathogenesis of some diseases and symptoms is beyond doubt, while in other cases, such as pancreatic diseases, it is doubtful. In the submitted material the authors evaluate experience assembled during endoscopic examinations and interventions on the papilla Vateri implemented in 1988.

[An unusual cause for conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy].

The authors describe the case of a female patient who had a planned operation on account of cholecystolithiasis. An unexpected and undiagnosed cavernous haemangioma of the liver at the site of the gallbladder meant a serious complication of the operation and called for conversion. The authors discuss the necessity of detailed pre-operative diagnosis as a means of prevention of unexpected complications and emphasise the necessity of perfect knowledge of classical surgical procedures.

[Emergency endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in a department of surgery].

During 1992-1994 at the Second Surgical Clinic of the Faculty Hospital (St. Ann) in Brno a total o 66 urgent ERCP were performed on account of acute pancreatis, cholangitis and rapidly progressing jaundice of the obstructive type. After the diagnostic part of the examination endoscopic papillosphincterotomy followed in 58 patients.

[Experience with 1000 ERCPs in a surgery department].

In 1988-1994 at the Second Surgical Clinic of the Masaryk University in Brno and at the Surgical Department of the Hospital of the Merciful Brethren in Valtice a total of 1037 diagnostic and therapeutic operations of the papilla of Vater were performed. Eventually after practice was assembled, the rate of successful operations was 94-99%. The authors emphasize the necessity to introduce endoscopic methods into the common practice of surgical departments; they emphasize the necessity of high-standard training of doctors and nurses.

[Endoscopic therapy of an adenoma of Vater's papilla].

The authors give an account of a case-history of a patient admitted to the department of surgery on account of obstructive jaundice. ERCP revealed a tumour of the ampulla of Vater and was removed by means of an polypectomy loop. After operation a prompt drop of bilirubin and liver test values was recorded.

[Surgical experience with endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage].

During 1988-1994 at the Second Surgical Clinic in Brno and in the surgical department of the Hospital of Merciful Brethren in Valtice a total of 5200 fibroscopic examinations were made incl. 560 on account of haemorrhage into the upper gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of fibroscopy was to detect sites of haemorrhage and treat them, or to establish at least the level of the haemorrhage.

[Endoscopic papillotomy with a needle knife].

The authors describe their experience with the use of a knife needle in endoscopic papillotomy. They use this method when it is not possible to reach the derivation of the bile duct by means of a classical papillotomy, or for opening a stenotic papilla. They made a total of 68 operations, 89.

[New instruments for laparoscopy].

The author describes new laparoscopic instruments for blunt dissection of tissue, that also make an abdominal wall suture more simple. The instruments are very simple from the technical point of view. They can be manufactured even under very basic conditions.

[Emergency endoscopic papillotomy].

The authors describe their experience with urgent endoscopic procedures of the papilla Vater. They consider septic cholangitis and acute pancreatitis indications for endoscopic papillotomy. The authors made a total of 27 operations, incl.

[Surgical endoscopy--analysis of 6 years' activity].

Fibroscopy of the digestive system which in the majority of developed countries is quite common is in our country still not available in an adequate extent. The authors evaluate their experience in a surgical department covering a six-year period. A total of 4436 fibroscopic examinations were made incl.

[Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: early results in the initial non-selected group of 50 surgical patients].

Early results of an initial non-selected group of 50 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (mean hospitalization 3.5 days, 6% conversions, no serious complications, no revisions, morbidity due to minor complications 6.3% and saved costs of postoperative hospital treatment 44.

[Peroperative endoscopic papillosphincterotomy].

The authors describe their experience with combinations of endoscopic and surgical procedures when dealing with stenoses of the papilla Vateri. They give a detailed account of the endoscopic phase of surgical intervention. In their opinion the most important thing is exclusion of duodenotomy which should reduce the risk of a duodenal fistula.

[Endoscopic bipolar coagulation of acute gastroduodenal hemorrhage].

The authors describe one possible way of endoscopic haemostasis, i.e. by bipolar coagulation.

[Is the activation of growth of a pigmented lesion of the iris always a sign of malignancy? Case report].

A pigmented lesion of the iris followed up for five years in a 31-year-old female patient with marked progress during the past two years which led to block excision of the formation. Clinical signs (growth, vascularization, pigmentation and blood in the angle) as well as results of auxiliary examinations (ultrasound, fluorescein angiography) suggested a malignant lesion. However, histological examination provided evidence of the benign nature of the formation.

[Moth fragments as intraocular foreign bodies].

The authors describe an accident leading to penetration of the eye of an 11-year-old boy by an unusual foreign body, and the subsequent diagnosis and treatment. Persistent ocular irritation following a corneal perforation wound, in spite of appropriate treatment, led to the presence of an intraocular foreign body being suspected. The results of radiologic examination, including CT (Siemens Somatom 2), were negative.