Common vole (Microtus arvalis) and bank vole (Myodes glareolus) derived permanent cell lines differ in their susceptibility and replication kinetics of animal and zoonotic viruses.

Pathogenesis and reservoir host adaptation of animal and zoonotic viruses are poorly understood due to missing adequate cell culture and animal models. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and common vole (Microtus arvalis) serve as hosts for a variety of zoonotic pathogens. For a better understanding of virus association to a putative animal host, we generated two novel cell lines from bank voles of different evolutionary lineages and two common vole cell lines and assayed their susceptibility, replication and cytopathogenic effect (CPE) formation for rodent-borne, suspected to be rodent-associated or viruses with no obvious rodent association.

Perfluoroalkyl Acid Concentrations in Livers of Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from Germany and Austria.

The concentrations of 11 perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) were measured in the livers of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Germany, a primarily carnivorous species, and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) from Austria, an herbivorous species. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations [all results refer to wet weight (ww)] of 3.2-320 µg/kg were detected in all 40 fox livers tested, yielding an arithmetic mean of 46.

A bovine cell line that can be infected by natural sheep scrapie prions.

Cell culture systems represent a crucial part in basic prion research; yet, cell lines that are susceptible to prions, especially to field isolated prions that were not adapted to rodents, are very rare. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize a cell line that was susceptible to ruminant-derived prions and to establish a stable prion infection within it. Based on species and tissue of origin as well as PrP expression rate, we pre-selected a total of 33 cell lines that were then challenged with natural and with mouse propagated BSE or scrapie inocula.

The N-glycoform of sRAGE is the key determinant for its therapeutic efficacy to attenuate injury-elicited arterial inflammation and neointimal growth.

Unlabelled: Signaling of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been implicated in the development of injury-elicited vascular complications. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) acts as a decoy of RAGE and has been used to treat pathological vascular conditions in animal models. However, previous studies used a high dose of sRAGE produced in insect Sf9 cells (sRAGE(Sf9))and multiple injections to achieve the therapeutic outcome.

Long-term lysimeter experiment to investigate the leaching of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the carry-over from soil to plants: results of a pilot study.

To study the behavior of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in soil and the carry-over from soil to plants, technical mixtures of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at a concentration of 25 mg/kg soil were applied to 1.5 m(3) monolithic soil columns of a lysimeter. Growth samples and percolated water were analyzed for PFASs throughout a period of 5 years.

A novel porcine in vitro model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier with strong barrier function.

Epithelial cells of the plexus choroideus form the structural basis of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In vitro models of the BCSFB presenting characteristics of a functional barrier are of significant scientific interest as tools for examination of BCSFB function. Due to a lack of suitable cell lines as in vitro models, primary porcine plexus epithelial cells were subjected to a series of selective cultivation steps until a stable continuous subcultivatable epithelial cell line (PCP-R) was established.

Susceptibility of koi x crucian carp and koi x goldfish hybrids to koi herpesvirus (KHV) and the development of KHV disease (KHVD).

Hybrids of koi, Cyprinus carpio x crucian carp, Carassius carassius and koi x goldfish, Carassius auratus, proved to be susceptible to koi herpesvirus (KHV, syn. CyHV-3) and developed KHV disease (KHVD). While hybrids of koi x goldfish were partly resistant to mortality following infection by immersion, most koi x crucian carp hybrids died after bath infection.

Highly sensitive fetal goat tongue cell line for detection and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

A fetal goat cell line (ZZ-R 127) supplied by the Collection of Cell Lines in Veterinary Medicine of the Friedrich Loeffler Institute was examined for susceptibility to infection by foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) and by two other viruses causing clinically indistinguishable vesicular conditions, namely, the viruses of swine vesicular disease and vesicular stomatitis. Primary bovine thyroid (BTY) cells are generally the most sensitive cell culture system for FMDV detection but are problematic to produce, particularly for laboratories that infrequently perform FMD diagnostic tests and for those in countries where FMD is endemic that face problems in sourcing thyroid glands from FMD-negative calves. Strains representing all seven serotypes of FMDV could be isolated in ZZ-R 127 cells with a sensitivity that was considerably higher than that of established cell lines and within 0.

Serological detection systems for identification of cows shedding bovine foamy virus via milk.

The biology of foamy viruses, their mode of transmission and disease potential in their natural host and after interspecies transmission are largely unknown. To gain insights into the prevalence of bovine foamy virus (BFV) and its zoonotic potential, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were established to determine antibody responses against Gag, Env, and the non-structural protein Bet in bovine serum and milk. In Polish cattle, strong Gag reactivity was most frequent (41.

Protection of gruntlings against classical swine fever virus-infection after oral vaccination of sows with C-strain vaccine.

The objective of this study was to investigate the maternal protection of gruntlings derived from wild sows vaccinated orally against classical swine fever (CSF) using C-strain vaccine. Three vaccinated sows and one unvaccinated control sow were included. Challenge infection of the progeny was carried out either intranasally or by contact at the beginning of the third month of life (61-65 days post-natum).

Establishment of a competitive ELISA (cELISA) system for the detection of influenza A virus nucleoprotein antibodies and its application to field sera from different species.

A recombinant baculovirus (RBV) encoding the nucleoprotein (NP) of avian influenza virus (AIV) was generated and the appropriate protein was expressed in Sf9 cells. Purified recombinant NP and the NP-specific monoclonal antibody HB65 were used to establish a competitive ELISA (cELISA) system for the detection of NP-specific antibodies in sera of ducks, geese and wild birds. Tests to evaluate this method were carried out using sera of ducks experimentally infected with AIV, pre-immune duck and chicken sera, and poultry field sera, which tested negative in the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, and field sera of several poultry species experimentally infected with other viruses.

Replication of classical swine fever virus strains and isolates in different porcine cell lines.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an economically important pathogen of domestic pigs and wild boar. Due to the highly variable clinical picture of CSF, laboratory methods are essential for an unambiguous diagnosis. Virus isolation using cell culture is still considered the gold standard.

Classical swine fever virus Strain 'C'. How long is it detectable after oral vaccination?

To determine the persistence period of C-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). Tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of C-strain virus. From domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected.

Establishment of a new bovine leukosis virus producing cell line.

Due to the prevalence of different bovine leukosis virus (BLV) species in the cattle population in Europe, problems may arise in the serological diagnosis of BLV infections. In addition, earlier investigations demonstrated that contamination of the BLV antigen-producing cell culture systems by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) may give rise to misinterpretation of serological test results after BVDV vaccination of cattle. By co-cultivation of peripheral leukocytes of a BLV-infected cow with a permanent sheep kidney cell line, a new BLV-producing cell line named PO714 was established.

A Hammondia-like parasite from the European fox (Vulpes vulpes) forms biologically viable tissue cysts in cell culture.

Tissue cysts of parasites of the genus Hammondia are rarely described in naturally or experimentally infected intermediate hosts. However, ultrastructural examinations on tissue cyst stages of Hammondia sp. are needed, e.

[Production of maedi-visna virus antigen for the immunodiffusion test and its use for field studies].

Using the Maedi-Visna virus strain WLC1 (Weybridge) and different cell lines of sheep plexus chorioideus we were able to establish and improve a production procedure of MV-antigen for use in immunodiffusion assay. Our attention was focused mainly on the efficient virus multiplication in cell cultures and on standardisation of the procedure to find a method keeping the antigen loss as low as possible. Investigations with our antigen in 39 farms of 5 of the former districts in East Germany revealed a seropositive reagent rate between 0 and more than 60%, underlining the need for a complex diagnostic and eradication programme.

[Is feeding of green silage in areas with hog cholera in wild boar a danger for domestic swine herds? Experimental study].

In an experimental study we tested the survival of hog cholera virus (HCV) contained in pieces of muscular tissue and organs from experimentally infected swine after incubation in silage. In big (diameter greater than 20 cm) muscular pieces HCV survived even in excellent mineral acid silage (pH 3.8-4.

[Retroviruses. Problems in electron microscopic diagnosis].

A department of electron microscopy with specialisation in virus diagnosis evaluates the results concerning retrovirus findings. In the course of research work already classified retroviruses were observed, numerous unexpected retrovirus diagnoses being of special interest. This concerned exclusively to ultra-thin sections of permanent and immune cells.

[A hitherto unrecognized pattern of reactions in vertebrate cells (RiV). 3. Experimental therapy with the help of RiV particle preparations in mice with mammary carcinomas].

The growth of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in mice was significantly suppressed by administration of RiV-particle-preparations of different species origin (duck, cattle), the survival rate being essentially improved. Despite long-time application of RiV-preparations no side effects could be observed.

[A hitherto unknown reaction pattern in vertebrate cells (RiV). 2. The protective effect of RiV particle preparations against foot-and-mouth disease in guinea pigs].

Further observations concerning the previously described RiV-particles are reported. They were isolated from a diploid cell line of bovine origin, embryonal duck fibroblasts and BHK-21 cells. A protective effect against foot-and-mouth-disease virus in guinea pigs could be observed following inoculation with the RiV-preparation of bovine origin.