Sex Differences in the Comorbidity between Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are often comorbid and share a common core of symptoms. However, sex and gender-related factors significantly influence their prevalence, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine sex differences in ADHD/PTSD comorbidity during childhood and adulthood.

Dupilumab Treatment for Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in a Real-World Setting: Impact on Quality of Life and Healthcare Utilization.

Background: Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) have difficult-to-treat asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and often require treatment with biologic therapy for asthma or CRSwNP. Healthcare utilization in patients with AERD has not been well described since the advent of respiratory biologics.

Objective: To determine real-world healthcare utilization and quality of life among patients with AERD and to understand the impact of dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin 4 receptor, on patient-reported health outcomes and healthcare utilization.

Dupilumab rapidly improves eustachian tube dysfunction and otologic symptoms in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) frequently experience symptoms consistent with eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD), which can substantially impair patient quality of life. We analyzed a cohort of 98 adult patients with AERD who participated in a longitudinal, survey-based study. By assessing data over 1 year, we established that, in patients with AERD, the ear/facial subdomain of the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire could predict performance on the 7-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire, a validated instrument for the diagnosis of ETD.

Validation of a questionnaire assessing smell loss in an international aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease population.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) and smell loss affects aspects of patients' everyday life and lowers their quality of life. OD questionnaires are considered one of the core-outcome measures in chronic rhinosinusitis, but many existing smell loss questionnaires contained pandemic-prohibitive questions on social gatherings or restaurant visits, were too culture specific or gender specific, or were overly long and cumbersome. We aimed to develop a new brief questionnaire to assess the impact and consequences of smell loss and its burden on daily life.

Helping patients choose between pain control options for outpatient procedural abortion at less than 12 weeks' gestation.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify predictors of patient satisfaction with their chosen pain control regimen for procedural abortion at <12 weeks' gestation in the outpatient setting.

Study Design: In this prospective cohort study, we developed an instrument to evaluate predictors of satisfaction with pain control regimens among patients choosing local anesthesia alone (paracervical block with 20 mL of 1% buffered lidocaine) or local anesthesia plus intravenous (IV) moderate sedation with 100 mcg of fentanyl and 2 mg of midazolam. Our primary outcome was to identify predictors of satisfaction with both anesthesia cohorts as measured on a 4-point Likert scale, but due to high satisfaction levels in the IV group, we focused our analysis on the local anesthesia group.

Physical and psychological recovery after vaginal childbirth with and without epidural analgesia: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Enhanced recovery is the gold standard in modern perioperative management, including that for cesarean deliveries. However, qualitative and quantitative data on the physical and psychological recovery of women after vaginal childbirth are limited. Whether neuraxial labor analgesia influences postpartum recovery is unknown.

Acute complications with same-day versus overnight cervical preparation before dilation and evacuation at 14 to 16 weeks.

Objective: Evaluate if same-day cervical preparation is associated with a clinically acceptable complication rate compared with overnight osmotic dilators for dilation and evacuation (D&E).

Study Design: This retrospective, noninferiority, cohort study compared complication rates for same-day versus overnight cervical preparation with D&E between 14 and 16 weeks gestation. Cervical preparation was achieved with misoprostol, osmotic dilators, or both.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pirfenidone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.

Background: Interstitial lung disease is a known complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with a lifetime risk of developing the disease in any individual of 7·7%. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pirfenidone for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).

Methods: TRAIL1 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial done in 34 academic centres specialising in interstitial lung disease in four countries (the UK, the USA, Australia, and Canada).

Serum proteomic profiling of rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease with a comparison to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Although interstitial lung disease (ILD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is difficult to predict the development or progression of ILD, emphasising the need for improved discovery through minimally invasive diagnostic tests. Aptamer-based proteomic profiling was used to assess 1321 proteins from 159 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), RA without ILD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy controls. Differential expression and gene set enrichment analyses revealed molecular signatures that are strongly associated with the presence and severity of RA-ILD and provided insight into unexplored pathways of disease.

Loss of smell in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease impacts mental health and quality of life.

Background: The impact of anosmia on quality-of-life (QoL) for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate how the severity of smell loss and olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with AERD affects their QoL, mental health and physical well-being.

Methods: Five validated QoL questionnaires (Sinonasal Outcome Test-22, Asthma Control Test, Healthy Days Core Module-4, Short Form-36 and Patient Health Questionnaire-4) and two newly developed questionnaires assessing severity and consequences of OD were electronically sent to all 2913 patients in the Brigham and Women's Hospital AERD registry.

Rapid and sustained effect of dupilumab on clinical and mechanistic outcomes in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: Dupilumab, a mAb targeting IL-4Rα, improves upper and lower airway symptoms in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), but the mechanisms leading to clinical improvement are not fully elucidated.

Objective: Our aim was to identify the mechanistic basis of clinical improvement in patients with AERD treated with dupilumab.

Methods: A total of 22 patients with AERD were treated with dupilumab for 3 months for severe asthma and/or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Aspirin desensitization and biologics in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: Efficacy, tolerability, and patient experience.

Background: Patterns of medication use and efficacy in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) have not been well characterized, especially since the advent of respiratory biologics. Aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD) is efficacious for upper and lower respiratory symptoms for patients with AERD, though aspirin-related adverse effects can limit therapy. The optimal coordination of ATAD and respiratory biologics for the treatment of AERD remains unclear.

Contraception After Surgical Abortion in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Objectives: This study describes the prevalence of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among surgical abortion patients, evaluates long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) uptake after surgical abortion among patients on MOUD, and identifies predictors of immediate postabortion LARC uptake among individuals on MOUD.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a retrospective observational cohort study of LARC uptake immediately after surgical abortion up to 21 weeks gestation at Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts between October 2012 and April 2017. We estimated proportions and analyzed predictors of LARC uptake among women on MOUD using logistic regression analysis to control for possible confounders.

Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Association Between Patient-Reported Sinus and Asthma Morbidity.

Background: The association between sinonasal and pulmonary symptoms in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is not fully established.

Objective: To characterize sinonasal and asthma symptomatology, and to determine whether reported sinonasal symptoms predict asthma severity.

Methods: Prospectively collected data from an aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease registry cohort were included from 2013 to 2018.

Palliative Care-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Assessment Among Physicians in Vietnam.

Context: Palliative care is rarely accessible in low- and middle-income countries, and lack of adequate training for health care providers is a key reason. In Vietnam, the Ministry of Health, major hospitals and medical universities, and foreign physician-educators have partnered to initiate palliative care training for physicians.

Objectives: To measure the baseline palliative care-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-assessment of Vietnamese physicians as a basis for curriculum development and to enable evaluation of training courses.

Prevalence and predictors of initiation of intrauterine devices and subdermal implants immediately after surgical abortion.

Objectives: To estimate uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods immediately after surgical abortion in a system that makes these methods readily available, and to determine demographic, medical, social, and visit-specific predictors of immediate post-abortion intrauterine device (IUD) and implant initiation.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of LARC (levonorgestrel intrauterine system [IUS], copper IUD, and subdermal implant) initiation at the time of surgical abortion up to 21w0d gestation at Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts from 2012 through 2017. We calculated proportions of IUD and implant initiation and used mixed effect logistic regression to estimate predictors of each outcome.

Patterns of Texting and Driving in a US National Survey of Millennial Parents vs Older Parents.

This cross-sectional US national survey study assesses data about driving safely and cell phone use from millennial-aged parents and older parents with children 14 years or younger.

A phase I trial of low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide in sepsis-induced ARDS.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent disease with significant mortality for which no effective pharmacologic therapy exists. Low-dose inhaled carbon monoxide (iCO) confers cytoprotection in preclinical models of sepsis and ARDS.

Methods: We conducted a phase I dose escalation trial to assess feasibility and safety of low-dose iCO administration in patients with sepsis-induced ARDS.

Relationship of job role and clinic type to perceived stigma and occupational stress among abortion workers.

Objective: To describe the role of worksite characteristics, job role and abortion stigma in clinical abortion workers' occupational stress.

Study Design: We recruited nurses, medical assistants and counseling staff who provide abortion care at five hospitals and four freestanding clinics in Massachusetts. Study instruments assessed individual-level abortion stigma (the perception that others treat abortion as shameful, dirty and socially taboo) using the Abortion Providers Stigma Scale; job strain through the Job Content Questionnaire; and emotional burnout through the Depersonalization, Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Advance notice of contraceptive availability at surgical abortion: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: With advance notice about the availability and effectiveness of contraceptive methods, abortion patients have more time and information for decision-making. We assessed the impact of an informational telephone call prior to the surgical abortion visit on patient contraceptive knowledge.

Methods: This was a pilot randomised controlled trial.