Application of HRP-streptavidin bionanoparticles for potentiometric biotin determination.

Biotin is widely used in infant formula to prevent biotin deficiency of newborn babies and in beauty products as nutritional supplements for coenzymatic functions and having strong nails, shiny hair, and skin over the last few years. There is a need for the development of a fast, simple and reusable assay method to perform biotin determination at very low concentrations. Biotin determination has achieved with a prepared potentiometric biotin sensor that has a very wide concentration range (10M-10M) and a lower detection limit (0.

In situ and non-cytotoxic cross-linking strategy for 3D printable biomaterials.

3D bioprinting allows the production of patient-specific tissue constructs with desired structural characteristics such as high resolution, controlled swelling degree, and controlled degradation behavior by mostly using hydrogels. Crosslinking of hydrogels is an essential parameter in bioprinting applications, which is beneficial for tuning structural specifications. In this study, gelatin-alginate-whey protein isolate based hydrogels have been used for 3D printing structures in a layer-by-layer fashion.

A new potentiometric platform: Antibody cross-linked graphene oxide potentiometric immunosensor for clenbuterol determination.

An immunosensor is based on the signal measurement obtained upon the reaction of an antibody antigen complex. It plays a significant role in various fields such as environmental analysis, production monitoring, drug detection or screening, veterinary medicine, and animal food. In this study, an antibody crosslinked graphen oxide (GO)-based potentiometric sensor has been developed for fast, simple, and economical detection of clenbuterol.

RuBisCO nano enzyme for mimicking CO conversion system in plants.

In this study, carbon dioxide (CO ) capture and conversion systems based on the combination of biomimetic systems with nano enzymes have been developed. The effectiveness of the developed system has been investigated toward CO conversion. For this aim, nano ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) enzyme that plays role in the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis has been synthesized in 93 nm size according to AmiNoAcid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method.

Proteinous Polymeric Shell Decorated Nanocrystals for the Recognition of Immunoglobulin M.

This study demonstrates the preparation of photosensitively orientated and crosslinked proteinous polymeric shell having quantum dot based nanocrystals through Amino acid Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA). ANADOLUCA is based on photo-electron transfer method and uses these decorated nanocrystals for specifically and effectively recognition and detection of Immunoglobulin M in the aqueous environment. The conjugation method effectively provides an orientation of affinity pairs on the surface of quantum dots nanocrystals.

3D Micropatterned All-Flexible Microfluidic Platform for Microwave-Assisted Flow Organic Synthesis.

A large-area, all-flexible, microwaveable polydimethoxysilane microfluidic reactor was fabricated by using a 3D printing system. The sacrificial microchannels were printed on polydimethoxysilane substrates by a direct ink writing method using water-soluble Pluronic F-127 ink and then encapsulated between polydimethoxysilane layers. The structure of micron-sized channels was analyzed by optical and electron microscopy techniques.

Ferritin based bionanocages as novel biomemory device concept.

Ferritin is an iron cage having protein, capable of extracting metal ions in their cages and a consequence of the electron transfer of metal ions in their cage by reduction and oxidation processes, electrochemical information storage devices can be designed. In this work, ferritin based protein biomemory substrate has been synthesized by using Amino Acid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method, which utilizes photosensitive electron transfer based microemulsion co-polymerization as nanobead form of ferritin. Protein substrate contains metal ions such as silver and copper or metal ion pairs namely, silver-copper (Janus bionanocage) and co-polymeric shell of the photosensitive crosslinker protein.

Nano-hemoglobin film based sextet state biomemory device by cross-linked photosensitive hapten monomer.

In this study, a biomemory device, consisting of hemoglobin (Hb) cross-linked by MACys-Ru(bipyr)-MACys) photosensitive monomer cross-linkers, which have memory effect through both Ru in hapten monomer and Fe in redox active center of Hb through multi-charge transfer mechanism, has been improved. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) has been used to determine the redox property of the Hb cross-linked MACys-Ru(bipyr)-MACys) hapten. Three memory functions, writing, reading and erasing of the fabricated biomemory device, have been accomplished by chronoamperometry (CA) and open-circuit potential amperometry (OCPA).

Multistate proteinous biomemory device based on redox controllable hapten cross-linker.

A multistate biomemory device consisting of cytochrome c (Cyt-c) photosensitively cross-linked by MACys-Ru(bipyr)-MACys hapten molecules, which have memory effect through a charge transfer mechanism, has been developed. In this study, it has suggested a highly resolute surface-confined switch composed a signal-enhanced electro-active protein (Cyt-c) co-polymerized on the gold substrates that can be controlled by redox property through Ruthenium based cysteine monomer hapten, MACys-Ru(bipyr)-MACys as an ANADOLUCA photosensitive cross-linker. The photosensitive cross-linking of the Cyt-c protein on the gold surface topography has been determined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Phosphoserine imprinted nanosensor for detection of Cancer Antigen 125.

Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is widely used as diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer. Change in the concentration level of CA 125 is associated with disease progression or regression. CA 125 posseses a phosphorylation site and protein backbone is phosphorylated on serine, before secretion.

Molecular Imprinting Technology in Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as artificial antibodies have received considerable scientific attention in the past years in the field of (bio)sensors since they have unique features that distinguish them from natural antibodies such as robustness, multiple binding sites, low cost, facile preparation and high stability under extreme operation conditions (higher pH and temperature values, etc.). On the other hand, the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is an analytical tool based on the measurement of small mass changes on the sensor surface.

Multiclonal plastic antibodies for selective aflatoxin extraction from food samples.

Herein, we focused on developing a new generation of monolithic columns for extracting aflatoxin from real food samples by combining the superior features of molecularly imprinted polymers and cryogels. To accomplish this, we designed multiclonal plastic antibodies through simultaneous imprinting of aflatoxin subtypes B1, B2, G1, and G2. We applied Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrofluorimetry to characterize the materials, and conducted selectivity studies using ochratoxin A and aflatoxin M1 (a metabolite of aflatoxin B1), as well as other aflatoxins, under competitive conditions.

Potentiometric sensor fabrication having 2D sarcosine memories and analytical features.

In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method based on novel molecular imprinted polymeric sensor has been developed and validated for the determination of prostate cancer metabolite biomarker. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) has been synthesized by emulsion polymerization, using sarcosine as template molecule, methacryloylamido histidine (MAH) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linking agent. The performance of the developed sarcosine sensor has been evaluated, and the results have indicated that a sensitive potentiometric sensor has been fabricated.

Polyethyleneimine assisted-two-step polymerization to develop surface imprinted cryogels for lysozyme purification.

Surface imprinting strategy is one of the promising approaches to synthesize plastic antibodies while overcoming the problems in the protein imprinting research. In this study, we focused our attentions on developing two-step polymerization to imprint on the bare surface employing polyethyleneimine (PEI) assisted-coordination of template molecules, lysozyme. For this aim, we firstly synthesized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate), poly(HEMA-GMA) cryogels as a bare structure.

Design and Preparation of Nano-Lignin Peroxidase (NanoLiP) by Protein Block Copolymerization Approach.

This study describes the preparation of nanoprotein particles having lignin peroxidase (LiP) using a photosensitive microemulsion polymerization technique. The protein-based nano block polymer was synthesized by cross-linking of ligninase enzyme with ruthenium-based aminoacid monomers. This type polymerization process brought stability in different reaction conditions, reusability and functionality to the protein-based nano block polymer system when compared the traditional methods.

Self-oriented nanoparticles for site-selective immunoglobulin G recognition via epitope imprinting approach.

Molecular imprinting is a polymerization technique that provides synthetic analogs for template molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have gained much attention due to their unique properties such as selectivity and specificity for target molecules. In this study, we focused on the development of polymeric materials with molecular recognition ability, so molecular imprinting was combined with miniemulsion polymerization to synthesize self-orienting nanoparticles through the use of an epitope imprinting approach.

Reusable nanocopy machine particles for the replication of DNA.

As one of the most important components copying DNA molecules in the PCR system, Taq DNA polymerase has a high processivity, however, lower persistence when compared to other polymerases. Studies for the enhancement of stability of Taq DNA polymerase is of great importance. The present study describes the integration of PCR application of cross-linked Taq DNA polymerase enzyme in a nanochamber using a ruthenium based MATyr-Ru-(bipyr)2)-MATyr monomer hapten prepared by photosensitive microemulsion polymerization technique.

Development of a highly sensitive MIP based-QCM nanosensor for selective determination of cholic acid level in body fluids.

Determination of cholic acid is very important and necessary in body fluids due to its both pharmaceutical and clinical significance. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor, which is imprinted cholic acid, has been developed for the assignation of cholic acid. The cholic acid selective memories have been generated on QCM electrode surface by using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on methacryloylamidohistidine-copper (II) (MAH-Cu(II)) pre-organized monomer.

Bitargeting and ambushing nanotheranostics.

The main problem in cancer chemotherapy is the cytotoxic side effects of therapeutics on healthy tissues and cells. The targeted drug delivery and nanotechnology are intensively investigated area to find new ways to solve, at least to reduce, these problems. Hereby, we have reported a new method inspired from both conventional military strategies and biorecognition in the body.

Preparation of MIP-based QCM nanosensor for detection of caffeic acid.

In the present work, a new caffeic acid imprinted quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor has been designed for selective assignation of caffeic acid in plant materials. Methacrylamidoantipyrine-iron(III) [MAAP-Fe(III)] as metal-chelating monomer has been used to prepare selective molecular imprinted polymer (MIP). MIP film for detection of caffeic acid has been developed on QCM electrode and selectivity experiments and analytical performance of caffeic acid imprinted QCM nanosensor has been studied.

Molecularly imprinted cryogels for human interferon-alpha purification from human gingival fibroblast culture.

Interferons are important proteins for the immune system because of their antiviral, anti-proliferating and immunomodulatory activities. Therapeutic value of these proteins against certain types of tumors caused interest and investigations aimed to obtain highly purified interferons. Molecular imprinting is an efficient method for purification with high selectivity, specificity and good reproducibility.

Aspartic acid incorporated monolithic columns for affinity glycoprotein purification.

Novel aspartic acid incorporated monolithic columns were prepared to efficiently affinity purify immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma. The monolithic columns were synthesised in a stainless steel HPLC column (20 cm × 5 mm id) by in situ bulk polymerisation of N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid (MAAsp), a polymerisable derivative of L-aspartic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Monolithic columns [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid) (PHEMAsp)] were characterised by swelling studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Rapid real-time detection of procalcitonin using a microcontact imprinted surface plasmon resonance biosensor.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a promising biomarker for identification of the origin and severity of sepsis, which is a deadly body infection. In this work, we report the preparation of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor which utilizes a molecular imprinted polymer surface for rapid and reliable detection of PCT. The molecular imprinted surface was prepared using a microcontact imprinting technique, in which PCT molecules were first immobilized onto a glass support and brought into contact with a solution of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) on a SPR sensor, then the polymerization process was performed.

Simultaneous depletion of immunoglobulin G and albumin from human plasma using novel monolithic cryogel columns.

In this study, we aimed to develop an alternative matrix able to deplete the albumin (Alb) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) from blood plasma simultaneously to prepare plasma samples for large-scale applications of blood-related proteomics. As a first step, nano-protein A nanoparticles (nanoProA) were prepared and characterized. Subsequently, cibacron blue F3GA (CB) was immobilized onto the nanoProA's to enhance their specific affinity for Alb molecules.

Separation and purification of hyaluronic acid by embedded glucuronic acid imprinted polymers into cryogel.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used in many applications such as pharmaceutical, clinical and cosmetics, so its separation and purification is very important. In this study, firstly d-glucuronic acid imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been synthesized for the separation of HA which has glucuronic acid part in its structure. MIP particles have characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and swelling tests.