Supplementation with rumen-inert fat in the growing phase altered adipogenic gene expression and the size and number of adipocytes in Hanwoo steers.

We hypothesized that the provision of rumen-inert fat (RIF) to growing cattle (9 to 13 mo of age) would affect the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and thereby affect the size and number of adipocytes of steers slaughtered at 30 mo of age. Thirty steers with an average initial body weight (BW) of 239 ± 25 kg were allocated to six pens, balanced for BW and genetic merit for marbling, and assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (only basal diet) or test diet (basal diet with 200 g of RIF per day, on an as-fed basis) for 5 mo. Biopsy samples of longissimus lumborum (LM) muscle were then collected for analysis of fatty acid composition and gene expression.

Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of .

We identified metabolites in the seeds of (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome and . Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for trial and live continuous culture system for trial. PA was tested at doses ranging from 4.

Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Composition in 18-23-Month-Old Hanwoo Steers.

The present study evaluated the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the switching point of the lean-to-fat ratio. Forty steers with an initial live weight of 486 ± 37 kg were assigned to one of two treatment groups fed either a concentrate diet with 14.5% CP and or with 17% CP for 6 months.

Feeding Systems and Host Breeds Influence Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, Microbial Diversity and Metagenomic Gene Abundance.

Our previous research revealed the advantages of separate feeding (SF) systems compared to total mixed ration (TMR) in terms of ruminal methane (CH) production. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm the advantage of SF as a nutritional strategy for CH mitigation, and to determine the effects of different feeding systems (TMR and SF) on the rumen microbiome and associated metagenome of two different breeds and on CH emissions. We randomly allocated four Holstein (305 ± 29 kg) and four Hanwoo steers (292 ± 24 kg) to two groups; the steers were fed a commercial concentrate with tall fescue (75:25) as TMR or SF, in a crossover design (two successive 22-day periods).

Developing Equations for Converting Digestible Energy to Metabolizable Energy for Korean Hanwoo Beef Cattle.

This study was performed to update and generate prediction equations for converting digestible energy (DE) to metabolizable energy (ME) for Korean Hanwoo beef cattle, taking into consideration the gender (male and female) and body weights (BW above and below 350 kg) of the animals. The data consisted of 141 measurements from respiratory chambers with a wide range of diets and energy intake levels. A simple linear regression of the overall unadjusted data suggested a strong relationship between the DE and ME (Mcal/kg DM): ME = 0.

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production.

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic residues in animal products; thus, plant compounds may be better alternative sources for mitigating methane (CH) production. An in vitro screening experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential application of 152 dry methanolic or ethanolic extracts from 137 plant species distributed in East Asian countries as anti-methanogenic additives in ruminant feed. The experimental material consisted of 200 mg total mixed ration, 20 mg plant extract, and 30 mL diluted ruminal fluid-buffer mixture in 60 mL serum bottles that were sealed with rubber stoppers and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h.

Carbon Footprint Assessment of Spanish Dairy Cattle Farms: Effectiveness of Dietary and Farm Management Practices as a Mitigation Strategy.

Greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint (CF) were estimated in twelve Spanish dairy farms selected from three regions (Mediterranean, MED; Cantabric, CAN; and Central, CEN) using a partial life cycle assessment through the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM). The functional unit was 1 kg of energy corrected milk (ECM). Methane emissions accounted for the largest contribution to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.