Hippocampal sclerosis, TDP-43, and the duration of the symptoms of dementia of AD patients.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between duration of the cognitive symptoms, from the earliest reported symptom to death, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and TAR-DNA binding protein of 43kDA (TDP-43) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Methods: The study was conducted in 359 cognitively impaired patients who met the pathological criteria for AD (NIA-Reagan intermediate or high). The mean age at onset was 69.

Rehabilitation After Complete Hemisensory Loss: Report of Two Cases.

The role and function that proprioception plays in movement and motor learning have been debated since the 19th century but can be difficult to isolate and study. Lesions at various points along the proprioceptive pathway result in afferent paresis that can be significantly disabling. Compensatory mechanisms can help with successful rehabilitation and provide an opportunity to study the role of these mechanisms in sensory feedback.

Extensive meningeal enhancement in acute central nervous system Lyme: Case series and review of literature.

Introduction: Clinical presentation of the central nervous system Lyme disease is nonspecific and therefore brain imaging and disease-specific serological testing is generally pursued to assist with diagnosis. Brain imaging findings are, however, rare and often unspecific.

Case Description: In the current report, we are presenting a rare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of extensive meningeal enhancement in two patients with acute Lyme disease.

Occipital dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor presenting as adult-onset temporal epilepsy.

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a benign brain tumor which commonly presents as childhood-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We present a case of histologically proven DNET with a clinical presentation and scalp EEG suggestive of adult-onset TLE. MRI showed an occipital lesion.

Pure apraxia of speech due to infarct in premotor cortex.

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is now recognized as an articulation disorder distinct from dysarthria and aphasia. Various lesions have been associated with AOS in studies that are limited in precise localization due to variability in size and type of pathology. We present a case of pure AOS in setting of an acute stroke to localize more precisely than ever before the brain area responsible for AOS, dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC).

Bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries associated with unilateral symptomatic carotid thromboembolism.

We report the fifth case of bilateral persistent primitive hypoglossal arteries in the literature. This is also the first such case to be demonstrated on computerized tomography angiogram (CTA) and the first case to be associated with a symptomatic carotid thrombus. The sub-occlusive thrombus was distal to the take-off of the dominant persistent hypoglossal artery (PHA) from the internal carotid artery, thus sparing involvement of posterior circulation.

A retrospective analysis of care in patients with dementia hospitalized at a tertiary medical center.

Background: Hospitalization is an opportunity to address various aspects related to management of dementia, including the goals of care to avoid futile care. We studied the prevalence of these factors when patients with dementia are hospitalized.

Design: One hundred and thirty-one charts of patients with dementia admitted to a single university-based hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Stroke in a young patient with neurosyphilis and HIV.

Syphilis has long been known as the great imitator. Its heterogeneity can manifest in the form of meningitis, space occupying gummas, vasculitis, strokes, cranial neuropathies, myelopathy, dementia, and seizures. The incidence has been rising with each year, mainly in men who have sex with men accounting for 83% of cases.

LGI1-negative faciobrachial dystonic-like seizures originating from the insula.

We expand the differential diagnosis of LGI1-positive faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) by presenting a 67-year-old woman affected by seizures of similar semiology who was found to have insular epilepsy. We report the distinct characteristics of insular faciobrachial dystonic-like seizures that would help clinicians to differentiate them from typical LGI1-positive FBDS, thus, guiding therapy while awaiting antibody results. LGI1-negative faciobrachial dystonic-like seizures should be considered when the seizure semiology includes unilateral and prolonged dystonia without loss of awareness, there is an ictal EEG correlate, MRI is suggestive of insular lesion, and when there is neither clearly associated memory impairment nor hyponatremia.

Isolated, relative aproverbia without focal lesion.

We have seen a patient with a profound, isolated, and quite selective deficit in proverb interpretation-aproverbia. The patient presented to us after an anoxic brain injury with aproverbia. Interestingly, the aproverbia appeared to be premorbid to the presenting event.

Double Disassociation of Anosognosia for Alexia and Simultanagnosia but Quantitative Awareness of Optic Ataxia.

A 66-yr-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation and a pacemaker developed sudden onset confusion, disorientation, and visual disturbance without motor weakness. Clinically, significant deficits were found in reading (alexia) and simultaneous multiobject perception (simultanagnosia), both of which the patient denied limitation in, and in vision-right hemianopsia-which he readily acknowledged. Visual acuity in the left visual field was normal.