Publications by authors named "Ricky K Hsu"
Article Synopsis
- Fostemsavir is a new drug used alongside other treatments for adults with multidrug-resistant HIV-1, focusing on its real-world effects in the OPERA cohort.
- The study analyzed immunological (CD4 T-cell counts) and virological (viral load) responses in participants starting fostemsavir, categorizing results based on their initial viral load and CD4 count.
- Results showed that while most individuals with suppressed viral loads maintained their status, those with low CD4 counts had notable improvements in immune response with fostemsavir, despite limited virological success in those who were viraemic.
Article Synopsis
- The study assessed the CHORUS™ app's effectiveness in improving adherence to monthly CAB + RPV long-acting injectable injections.
- Healthcare centers were split into two groups: one with access to the app and one without, to compare adherence rates.
- Although access to the app didn't significantly increase adherence, using the app did raise adherence rates, particularly in smaller healthcare centers lacking established procedures.
HIV-associated wasting (HIVAW) is an underappreciated AIDS-defining illness, despite highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We (a) assessed the association between incident HIVAW/low weight and all-cause mortality and (b) described virologic outcomes after people with HIV (PWH) experienced HIVAW/low weight while on ART. In the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research & Analysis (OPERA) cohort, PWH without prior HIVAW/low weight who were active in care in 2016-2020 were followed through the first of the following censoring events: death, loss to follow-up, or study end (October 31, 2021).
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- The study reviews the effectiveness and adherence to the new long-acting injectable HIV treatment, cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB + RPV LA), which is approved for individuals with stable virus levels and no treatment history issues.
- In a sample of 321 adults receiving this treatment, 90% of injections were administered on schedule, and almost all patients maintained undetectable or suppressed viral loads during follow-ups.
- Overall, the findings suggest that CAB + RPV LA is effective in real-world clinical settings, with minimal impact from minor delays in injection schedules on patient outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- - The study analyzed HIV-associated wasting (HIVAW) and low weight in people with HIV in the U.S. using data from the OPERA cohort, finding a consistent prevalence rate of 12% over two time periods (2012-2015 and 2016-2020).
- - Among a large cohort of adults with HIV who had not previously experienced low weight, 7% developed HIVAW over a median of 64 months post-diagnosis, with demographic factors like age, sex, and race influencing odds of weight issues.
- - The findings highlight that advanced HIV and comorbid conditions are strong predictors of HIVAW, suggesting a need for increased awareness among healthcare providers, particularly for older and fra
Article Synopsis
- - The study compared clinical outcomes between heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) and non-HTE people living with HIV (PLWH), focusing on their ART regimens and resistance to treatments over a median follow-up of 28 months.
- - Results indicated that HTE PLWH had lower chances of achieving undetectable viral loads and maintaining adequate CD4 cell counts compared to non-HTE PLWH, and they were also more likely to need changes in their treatment regimens.
- - Both groups experienced non-AIDS defining morbidities, with a higher prevalence in HTE PLWH (45%) versus non-HTE (35%), though serious morbidities and deaths were relatively rare.
Excessive Weight Gain: Current Antiretroviral Agents in Virologically Suppressed People with HIV.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
October 2022
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated weight gain in people with HIV who were virologically suppressed and switched to new medication regimens including tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) combined with various antiretroviral drugs.
- Out of 5,536 participants, 18% gained at least 5% of their weight within 28 weeks, and 9% gained 10% or more within 54 weeks, but no significant differences in weight gain were found among the different treatment regimens.
- Overall, while some individuals did experience excessive weight gain, the average weight changes remained small and consistent across the different medication groups over the follow-up period.
Article Synopsis
- Preventing HIV transmission is essential to ending the HIV epidemic, and effective PrEP has been available since 2012, aiming to help those at highest risk.
- A study compared the demographics of nearly 15,000 PrEP users with over 3,500 newly diagnosed HIV cases to evaluate who was receiving PrEP and identify gaps in access to care.
- The findings revealed disparities in PrEP prescriptions, with older, non-Black males more likely to receive it, and emphasized the need for targeted programs to reach underrepresented populations, particularly young people, women, Black individuals, and intravenous drug users.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates weight changes in HIV-positive individuals who switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), analyzing the weight gain associated with these medications.
- It includes 6,908 participants from the U.S. OPERA cohort, examining those who maintained their antiretrovirals and those switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs).
- Results show that while there was modest weight gain on TDF, switching to TAF resulted in significant early weight gain for all participants, regardless of whether they switched to an InSTI or not.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the risks of adverse health diagnoses and lab issues linked to daily doses of lamivudine (3TC) in people living with HIV who have moderate kidney function (eGFR between 30 and 49 ml/min).
- It involved analyzing health records from 539 participants, comparing those starting on a 150 mg dose versus a 300 mg dose of 3TC.
- Findings indicated that while there were no major differences in severe lab abnormalities or diagnoses between the two doses, those on 150 mg had higher HIV levels and more health issues, suggesting that 300 mg may not require adjustment for this group unless gastrointestinal or moderate lab problems arise.
Introduction: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*5701 screening identifies patients at increased risk for abacavir (ABC) hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). Screening was adopted in GlaxoSmithKline and ViiV Healthcare clinical trials in 2007 and human immunodeficiency virus treatment guidelines in 2008. Company meta-analyses of trials pre-HLA-B*5701 screening reported HSR rates of 4-8%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation.
Science
December 2010
Article Synopsis
- Researchers conducted a genome-wide association study focusing on HIV-1 controllers and progressors to understand genetic factors influencing chronic viral infections.
- They discovered over 300 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) specifically within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), emphasizing its importance for infectious diseases.
- Key findings indicate that specific amino acids in HLA proteins, especially HLA-B and HLA-C, significantly influence the interaction between HLA and viral peptides, affecting the control of HIV infection.
COL40263 was a pilot 48-week, open-label, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy and safety of once-daily coformulated abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine plus tenofovir in ART-naive, HIV-infected subjects. We examined the patterns of resistance that were selected on-therapy through 48 weeks in subjects with virologic nonresponse (VF). A total of 123 antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA > or = 30,000copies/ml were enrolled.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOBJECTIVE AND METHODS: This study was undertaken to find the role of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) in the diagnostic work-up of febrile Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Forty-seven (42 male and 5 female; mean age = 40.3 years) febrile patients with AIDS underwent imaging with F18-FDG by Dual Head Coincidence Imaging (DHCI).
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