Publications by authors named "Rickwood A"
Problem: People with mental illness are twice as likely to smoke than people without a mental illness.
Methods: Data were collected through interviews with individuals who smoke and have been diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 100). The research design included a descriptive, correlational design that described and examined the relationships among psychiatric symptoms, medication side effects, and reasons for smoking; and a qualitative analysis of the subjective experience of smoking.
The etiologies and forms of congenital neuropathic bladder are described: contractile (25%), acontractile (15%), and intermediate (60%). The terminology relating to neuropathic bladder is defined and the principles of bladder management are highlighted: (1) must achieve a bladder that can fill at low pressure, (2) must achieve a bladder that can store urine at low pressure, (3) must achieve sphincter resistance that is sufficient to allow urine storage, and (4) must put in place a mechanism of achieving complete voluntary bladder emptying. The approach to investigation is set out in a logical sequence, and the methods of achieving the goals highlighted above are described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To examine the hypothesis that because most patients with myelomeningocele and a positive anocutaneous reflex have a competent sphincteric mechanism they are more likely to be continent on intermittent catheterization than those with a negative reflex, and to become so with less need for adjunctive surgical treatment.
Patients And Methods: The study included 111 patients with myelomeningocele treated for urinary incontinence; their present means of treatment and the outcome achieved were assessed and related to the presence or absence of an anocutaneous reflex.
Results: Among 29 patients with a positive anocutaneous reflex, 26 (90%) are currently dry on a regimen of intermittent catheterization, as opposed 41 (50%) of the 82 with a negative reflex (P < 0.
Objectives To examine the long-term results of hypospadias fistula repair, the factors involved in recurrence and the outcome in cases where this has occurred. Patients and methods The study comprised 113 children undergoing urethrocutaneous fistula repair between 1984 and 1996. Most of the fistulae were closed in two to three layers, with or without a transpositional skin flap.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To assess the effectiveness of Glassberg's modification of Duckett's technique in the surgical correction of severe hypospadias.
Patients And Methods: The case notes of 24 boys who underwent hypospadias repair using this technique were reviewed, noting the severity of the lesion, the method of repair and the clinical outcome.
Results: One operation was required in 14 (58%) of patients; complications requiring further surgery occurred in 10 boys (42%).
Purpose: We assessed the outcome of patients treated for prenatally detected duplex system ureterocele with particular reference to those treated expectantly.
Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of 52 consecutive patients treated between 1984 and 1999 with a median followup of 8 years (range 1 to 16.2).
Objective: Reports suggesting that quality of life in schizophrenia is more highly related to negative rather than positive symptoms are largely based on use of the Quality of Life Scale which was devised to assess deficit symptoms and does not include an assessment of subjective general wellbeing. In the current paper we examined symptoms, level of community functioning as well as living circumstances as correlates of Quality of Life Scale scores and scores on the General Well-Being Scale.
Method: One hundred and twenty-eight patients completed the General Well-Being Scale and were rated on the Quality of Life Scale as well as scales assessing positive and negative symptoms.
Objective: To establish the incidence of pathological phimosis in boys.
Patients And Methods: A 2-year review of circumcisions was performed for phimosis among a known population of boys, with the histological findings of the circumcision specimens assessed.
Results: Sixty-two boys (all but one aged 5-14 years) had typical pathological (cicatrizing) phimosis and among the 51 circumcision specimens examined histologically, 43 (84%) showed appearances of balanitis xerotica obliterans.
Objective: It has been suggested that level of cognitive functioning as assessed by formal neurocognitive tests may be as important as, or even more important than, symptoms in predicting level of community functioning for patients with schizophrenia. The results of past prospective studies, when carefully examined, do not consistently support this hypothesis. In the current study, the authors used symptom and neurocognitive data to predict subsequent level of functioning in the community.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To provide an overview of a comprehensive and integrated case-management program that incorporates principles of assertive community treatment and combines effective medical and psychosocial interventions and to present the results of a process and outcome evaluation of the program, with particular emphasis on its impact on service utilization and consumer satisfaction.
Method: Data on demographic, clinical, and several outcome measures were collected on all patients who received care in the program for a minimum of 6 months. For process evaluation we assessed the extent to which the program adhered to its goals and satisfied the patients, their families, and community-service agencies.
Objectives: To determine the urological consequences of incomplete cord lesions in patients with myelomeningocele and a neuropathic bladder.
Patients And Methods: From a total of 407 patients with myelomeningocele and a neuropathic bladder, 31 (8%) were identified as having a combination of sacral sensory or motor sparing and positive conus reflexes. Their case-notes were reviewed with reference to spinal neurology, patterns of micturition, including the degree of spontaneous continence, findings on imaging and urodynamic studies, and forms and outcomes of any treatment given.
Objective: To assess the outcome after pyeloplasty in children with an ante-natal diagnosis of hydronephrosis, shown on post-natal renography to be due to pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction, and in particular to review the outcome of those who had initially been managed expectantly.
Patients And Methods: Between 1984 and 1995, 321 patients were diagnosed as having PUJ obstruction, after investigating ante-natal hydronephrosis. Of these, 47 had undergone pyeloplasty and also had a normal contralateral kidney; 26 patients had early pyeloplasty because of impaired function and 21 underwent surgery after a period of expectant management.
Objective: To determine the natural history of untreated pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in children presenting clinically with the complaint.
Patients And Methods: The study comprised 42 children with anatomical PUJ obstruction (three with bilateral lesions) who were managed expectantly in the first instance, who had no immediately troublesome symptoms and differential function in the affected kidney(s) of > 40%. They were followed by serial ultrasonography and dynamic diuresis renography.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that testicular maldescent is rarely congenital in the absence of a complete hernial sac.
Patients And Methods: The study comprised 110 boys undergoing orchidopexy. Operative findings (complete hernial sac versus no hernial sac) were compared with recorded testicular descent at birth.
Objective: To determine whether children presenting clinically with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction had fetal hydronephrosis.
Patients And Methods: Forty-three children, born during or after 1985, presented clinically with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Records of the maternal pregnancies were reviewed with reference to the findings of any fetal ultrasonography.
Prenatally diagnosed pelviureteric junction obstruction: a benign condition?
J Pediatr Surg
June 1994
Renal function in neonates with antenatally diagnosed pelviureteric obstruction is usually well preserved and rarely deteriorates in the short term. To assess if function is maintained in the medium term, and, where not, if any factors are predictive of deterioration, the authors reviewed their cases (1985 to 1992) of antenatally diagnosed unilateral pelviureteric obstruction with renographic confirmation (type II and IIIb curves). Initial renographic assessment was performed at 1 to 3 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To perform bladder neck suspension simultaneously with augmentation cystoplasty in female patients where sphincteric incompetence was not the sole cause of impaired functional bladder capacity.
Patients And Methods: During an 8-year-period, 26 female patients (mean age 14, range 5-39) were treated with a Marshall-Marchetti plus cystoplasty (Liverpool) or a colposuspension plus clam cystoplasty (Sheffield). All had marked sphincteric incompetence compounded by detrusor hyper-reflexia and/or non-compliance.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between urinary tract infection and pediatric urolithiasis and to characterize the pediatric infection stone former.
Methods: Two hundred seventy consecutive pediatric stone formers presenting over a twenty-seven-year period were studied. Of these, 161 children (60%) had infection-related stones.