Equivalent servings of free-range reindeer promote greater net protein balance compared to commercial beef.

Wild game consumption has been associated with health benefits but the acute influence on human protein metabolism remains unknown. We compared feeding-induced responses of equivalent amounts of free-range reindeer (FR) and commercial beef (CB) on protein kinetics using stable isotope methodology. Seven participants (age: 40 ± 14 years; body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg/m) completed two randomised studies, ingesting 2 oz of FR or CB.

Evaluation of the effect of doxasozin and zonisamide on voluntary ethanol intake in mice that experienced chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and stress.

The comorbidity between alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder represents a serious health care burden with few effective treatment options. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of an alpha 1 receptor antagonist (doxazosin) and a novel anticonvulsant (zonisamide) in a model of alcohol (ethanol) dependence and stress exposure. The main dependent variable was voluntary ethanol intake in mice that experienced chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and forced swim stress (FSS) alone, and in combination.

Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) multicentre study interim analysis: Differences between participants with positive versus negative mild TBI histories.

Objectives: Compare characteristics and outcomes of combat-exposed military personnel with positive versus negative mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) histories.

Setting: Recruitment was from registration lists and ambulatory clinics at four veterans administration hospitals.

Participants: Consented veterans and service members completing initial evaluation by September 2016 (n = 492).

Endovascular therapy for advanced post-thrombotic syndrome: Proceedings from a multidisciplinary consensus panel.

Patients with advanced post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and chronic iliac vein obstruction suffer major physical limitations and impairment of health-related quality of life. Currently there is a lack of evidence-based treatment options for these patients. Early studies suggest that imaging-guided, catheter-based endovascular therapy can eliminate iliac vein obstruction and saphenous venous valvular reflux, resulting in reduced PTS severity; however, these observations have not been rigorously validated.

Safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple dose myo-inositol in preterm infants.

Background: Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) given inositol had reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), death and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We assessed the safety and pharmacokinetics of daily inositol to select a dose providing serum levels previously associated with benefit, and to learn if accumulation occurred when administered throughout the normal period of retinal vascularization.

Methods: Infants ≤ 29 wk GA (n = 122, 14 centers) were randomized and treated with placebo or inositol at 10, 40, or 80 mg/kg/d.

The VA/DoD Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium: An Overview at Year 1.

This federally funded program identifies gaps in research and provides support services for scientific, clinical, and translational research projects focused on the long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury in veterans and active-duty service members.

Acute lysine supplementation does not improve hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity in older, overweight individuals.

Context: Lysine supplementation may have a positive influence on the regulation of glucose metabolism but it has not been tested in the geriatric population.

Objective: We evaluated the impact of acute lysine supplementation using three randomized experimental scenarios: 1) oral glucose alone (control), 2) oral glucose and low-dose lysine (2 grams), and oral glucose and high dose lysine (5 grams) lysine in 7 older (66 ± 1 years/age), overweight/obese (BMI = 28 ± 2 kg/m(2)) individuals.

Methods: We utilized a dual tracer technique (i.

Bed rest promotes reductions in walking speed, functional parameters, and aerobic fitness in older, healthy adults.

Context: The exact relationship between the bed rest-induced loss of skeletal muscle and reductions in muscle strength and physical performance in the older individuals is still unclear.

Objective: We examined the effect of 10 days of bed rest on changes in regional body composition, muscle strength, and functional status, and the relationship between these variables in older individuals.

Design, Participants, And Intervention: Regional body composition was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of a single intravenous dose of myo-inositol in preterm infants of 23-29 wk.

Background: Myo-inositol given to preterm infants with respiratory distress has reduced death, increased survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and reduced severe retinopathy of prematurity in two randomized trials. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in extremely preterm infants are needed before efficacy trials.

Methods: Infants born in 23-29 wk of gestation were randomized to a single intravenous (i.

Bed rest worsens impairments in fat and glucose metabolism in older, overweight adults.

Background: The effects of bed rest on the dysregulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism have not been addressed in the older population.

Objective: We examined the effect of 10 days of bed rest on fatty acid kinetics and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in aging.

Methods: We utilized an octreotide, basal glucagon replacement, multistage insulin infusion, and the concomitant infusion of [6,6 (2)H₂]glucose to derive insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in nine older, overweight individuals (body mass index 28.

Teaching kids to cope with anger: peer education.

Anger could be an early warning signal of violent behavior. Early peer education health promotion in relation to anger management could help children before uncontrolled anger becomes a problem in adolescence and adulthood. Peer education has been identified as a viable intervention strategy worldwide with various prevention programs for youth.

Estimating model-adjusted risks, risk differences, and risk ratios from complex survey data.

There is increasing interest in estimating and drawing inferences about risk or prevalence ratios and differences instead of odds ratios in the regression setting. Recent publications have shown how the GENMOD procedure in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina) can be used to estimate these parameters in non-population-based studies.

The impact of exercise training compared to caloric restriction on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in obesity.

Context: It has been difficult to distinguish the independent effects of caloric restriction versus exercise training on insulin resistance.

Objective: Utilizing metabolic feeding and supervised exercise training, we examined the influence of caloric restriction vs. exercise training with and without weight loss on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance.

EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly.

Background & Aims: Older individuals are more likely to experience extended hospitalization and become protein malnourished during hospitalization. The concomitant compulsory inactivity results in functional decline. Increasing protein intake in hospitalized patients improves nitrogen balance, but effects on function are unknown.

Influence of exercise intensity on abdominal fat and adiponectin in elderly adults.

To examine the influence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO(2peak)) exercise training (MI) versus high-intensity (75% of VO(2peak)) exercise training (HI) on regional fat distribution and plasma adiponectin, we randomized 18 overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 30 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) elderly (71 +/- 1 years) to HI, MI, or a control group (CON). Subjects enrolled in HI or MI completed a 12-week exercise training protocol designed to expend 1000 kcal/week. Body composition testing was completed prior to and following the exercise training using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and a computed tomography scan.

Visceral fat and adiponectin: associations with insulin resistance are tissue-specific in women.

Body fatness and its distribution are strongly and independently associated with peripheral insulin action. However, these associations are limited in their ability to predict the independent nature of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, especially in obese women. To define the relationships more precisely between regional fat distribution and adiponectin, and hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, we studied 22 obese (43 +/- 0.

Modeling cholinesterase activity for human dietary risk assessment of carbamate insecticides.

This article demonstrates statistical models to quantify the interaction between a carbamate insecticide and acetylcholinesterase. Carbamates are a class of chemicals that inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase in humans, an enzyme involved in the regulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Following exposure to a carbamate insecticide, we specifically address (1) if acetylcholinesterase activity recovers to its level of preexposure activity; (2) the level of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity; (3) the recovery time of acetylcholinesterase activity to its preexposure level for a typical individual; and (4) the upper percentiles of the recovery time of acetylcholinesterase activity across individuals.

Breastfeeding attitudes and reported problems in a national sample of WIC participants.

Recent reports indicate that breastfeeding rates continue to be dramatically lower among WIC participants, compared with other US mothers. The WIC Infant Feeding Practices Study was a nationally representative 1-year longitudinal study of WIC participants that obtained information about attitudes regarding infant feeding and about infant-feeding practices. Hispanic mothers were most likely to agree with statements about benefits of breastfeeding, and Black mothers were most likely to agree with statements about barriers.

The nonmedical use of prescription ADHD medications: results from a national Internet panel.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that nonmedical use (NMU) of prescription attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications is rising, but many previous investigations have used clinical or regionally based samples or limited their investigations to stimulants rather than to medications specifically used to treat ADHD. Using an Internet-based epidemiological survey, this paper advances understanding of the prevalence and correlates of NMU of medications used to treat ADHD, sources of diverted medications, motivations for use, and consumption patterns.

Methods: The study used a self-administered Internet survey of civilian, noninstitutionalized adults (N = 4,297) aged 18 to 49 in the United States.

Prenatal developmental toxicity evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (d4T) co-administered to Swiss Albino (CD-1) mice.

Background: In pregnant women, antiretroviral drugs improve maternal health and reduce vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the infant. However, few nonclinical studies have examined the potential for adverse drug interactions.

Methods: On gestational days (GD) 6-16, mice were dosed with vehicle, ddI (360, 1440, or 2,880 mg/kg/day, p.

Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise training and weight loss have independent effects on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (ISGD). We hypothesized that ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet would result in weight loss and improved ISGD, and that aerobic exercise training would facilitate greater improvements in ISGD compared with diet alone.

Methods: Older participants (13 women, 9 men; age = 66 +/- 1 year) with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to an ad libitum diet alone (18% fat, 19% protein, 63% carbohydrate) or this diet plus aerobic exercise training (4 d/wk, 45 min/d, 80% VO(2peak)) for 12 weeks.

Exercise-induced changes in insulin action and glycogen metabolism in elderly adults.

Purpose: Although data suggest that physical activity is associated with decreased insulin resistance, recommendations for exercise training are not specific for age or level of obesity. Therefore, we examined the influence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO2max) exercise training (MI) versus high-intensity (75% of VO2max) exercise training (HI) on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (ISGD) in elderly individuals.

Methods: Following medical examinations, 21 overweight (body mass index = 29 +/- 1 kg x m(-2)) elderly (74 +/- 1 yr) subjects were randomized to 1) HI, 2) MI, or a 3) nonexercising control group.