Feasibility of Using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to Augment Cadaveric Temporal Training.

Objective: Insertional speed of cochlear implant electrode arrays (EA) during surgery is correlated with force. Low insertional speed, and therefore force, may allow for preservation of intracochlear structures leading to improved outcomes. Given the importance of low insertional speeds, we investigate the feasibility of using inertial sensors for kinematic analysis during EA insertion to augment otolaryngology-head and neck surgery training.

Management of Fallopian Canal Spontaneous CSF Leaks, Implications of Elevated Intracranial Pressure: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objectives: Describe the diagnosis and management of a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (sCSF-L) through the facial nerve fallopian canal and determine the role of intracranial hypertension (IH).

Study Design: Retrospective case study and systematic review of the literature.

Methods: Reviewed patient characteristics, radiographic findings, and management of the facial nerve canal CSF leak and postoperative IH.

Robotic assistance during cochlear implantation: the rationale for consistent, controlled speed of electrode array insertion.

Cochlear implants (CI) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with severe to profound sensory hearing loss by providing a method of bypassing normal hearing to directly stimulate the auditory nerve. A further advance in the field has been the introduction of "hearing preservation" surgery, whereby the CI electrode array (EA) is carefully inserted to spare damage to the delicate anatomy and function of the cochlea. Preserving residual function of the inner ear allows patients to receive maximal benefit from the CI and to combine CI electric stimulation with acoustic hearing, offering improved postoperative speech, hearing, and quality of life outcomes.

Extraordinary Speech and Language Outcomes After Auditory Brainstem Implantation: Guidance From a Case Study.

Purpose: Large individual differences and poor speech recognition outcomes are routinely observed in most patients who have received auditory brainstem implants (ABIs). A case report of an ABI recipient with exceptionally good speech recognition outcomes presents an opportunity to better understand the core information processing mechanisms that underlie variability and individual differences in outcomes.

Method: A case study is reported of an adult ABI recipient (ID-006) with postlingually acquired, Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2)-related hearing loss who displayed exceptional postoperative speech recognition scores.

Rationale for the Development of a Novel Clinical Grading Scale for Postoperative Facial Nerve Function: Results of a Multidisciplinary International Working Group.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to present the results of an international working group survey identifying perceived limitations of existing facial nerve grading scales to inform the development of a novel grading scale for assessing early postoperative facial paralysis that incorporates regional scoring and is anchored in recovery prognosis and risk of associated complications.

Study Design: Survey.

Setting: A working group of 48 multidisciplinary clinicians with expertise in skull base, cerebellopontine angle, temporal bone, or parotid gland surgery.

Selection of viral capsids and promoters affects the efficacy of rescue of -deficient cochlea.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer has shown promise in rescuing mouse models of genetic hearing loss, but how viral capsid and promoter selection affects efficacy is poorly characterized. Here, we tested combinations of AAVs and promoters to deliver , mutations in which are associated with hearing loss in humans. mice display severe cochlear hair cell degeneration, loss of auditory brainstem responses, and delayed loss of spiral ganglion neurons.

Immediate CPAP Use after Skull Base Reconstruction with Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement.

Objective: The timing for resuming continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) postoperatively after skull base surgery remains controversial because of the risk of pneumocephalus. We determined the safety of immediate CPAP use after middle cranial fossa (MCF) spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leak repair with bone cement.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Generating high-fidelity cochlear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.

Mechanosensitive hair cells in the cochlea are responsible for hearing but are vulnerable to damage by genetic mutations and environmental insults. The paucity of human cochlear tissues makes it difficult to study cochlear hair cells. Organoids offer a compelling platform to study scarce tissues in vitro; however, derivation of cochlear cell types has proven non-trivial.

Biallelic Loss-of-Function Variants in Are Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy and Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy are two clinical entities that are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous and sometimes co-occurring. Using exome sequencing and targeted segregation analysis, we investigated the genetic etiology of peripheral neuropathy and hearing loss in a large Ashkenazi Jewish family. Moreover, we assessed the production of the candidate protein via western blotting of lysates from fibroblasts from an affected individual and an unaffected control.

Cochlear Implantation in US Military Veterans: A Single Institution Study.

Objective: Military veterans have high rates of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) which is associated with more significant spiral ganglion neuronal loss. This study explores the relationship between NIHL and cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in veterans.

Study Design: Retrospective case series of veterans who underwent CI between 2019 and 2021.

Facial Nerve Preservation With Inferior Long-Axis Dissection of Large Vestibular Schwannomas.

Objective: To describe a tumor resection using the inferior long-axis (ILA) technique for cisternal facial nerve dissection in large vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Study Design: Retrospective case series from 2018 to 2021.

Setting: Tertiary academic medical center.

Trends in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repairs in the United States, 2009-2018.

Background: Rates of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (sCSF) repairs have increased in recent decades in line with increases in obesity rates.

Objectives: To determine if the national rate of sCSF leak has continued to rise in recent years and to identify associated risk factors utilizing a comprehensive national database comprising most academic medical centers.

Methods: A retrospective review from 2009 to 2018 was performed using the Vizient Clinical Database (CDB) of 105 leading academic medical centers in the United States.

Early Wnt Signaling Activation Promotes Inner Ear Differentiation via Cell Caudalization in Mouse Stem Cell-Derived Organoids.

The inner ear is derived from the otic placode, one of the numerous cranial sensory placodes that emerges from the pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE) along its anterior-posterior axis. However, the molecular dynamics underlying how the PPE is regionalized are poorly resolved. We used stem cell-derived organoids to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling on early PPE differentiation and found that modulating Wnt signaling significantly increased inner ear organoid induction efficiency and reproducibility.

TMPRSS3 expression is limited in spiral ganglion neurons: implication for successful cochlear implantation.

Background: It is well established that biallelic mutations in transmembrane protease, serine 3 () cause hearing loss. Currently, there is controversy regarding the audiological outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) for -associated hearing loss. This controversy creates confusion among healthcare providers regarding the best treatment options for individuals with -related hearing loss.

Exceptional Speech Recognition Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation: Lessons From Two Case Studies.

Purpose: Individual differences and variability in outcomes following cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with hearing loss remain significant unresolved clinical problems. Case reports of specific individuals allow for detailed examination of the information processing mechanisms underlying variability in outcomes. Two adults who displayed exceptionally good postoperative CI outcomes shortly after activation were administered a novel battery of auditory, speech recognition, and neurocognitive processing tests.

Cochlear Implant Electrode Misplacement: A Case Series and Contemporary Review.

Objective: To determine root causes leading to misplaced cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays and discuss their management using a case series and contemporary literature review.

Study Design: Retrospective case review and contemporary literature review.

Setting: Single tertiary-referral center.

Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts: Stepping-stones to Innovation and Equity in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

The Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts (CORE) grant program coordinates research funding initiatives across the subspecialties of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Modeled after National Institutes of Health study sections, CORE grant review processes provide comprehensive reviews of scientific proposals. The organizational structure and grant review process support grant-writing skills, attention to study design, and other components of academic maturation toward securing external grants from the National Institutes of Health or other agencies.

Pediatric intraosseous cranial myxoma: A case report and review of literature.

While intraosseous cranial myxoma is a rare pathology, it is important for providers to be aware of it, as early diagnosis and treatment is imperative for prognosis. Long-term follow-up is needed as high rates of recurrence have been documented.

Speech Recognition Outcomes in Adults With Slim Straight and Slim Modiolar Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays.

Objective: To compare differences in audiologic outcomes between slim modiolar electrode (SME) CI532 and slim lateral wall electrode (SLW) CI522 cochlear implant recipients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary academic hospital.

Deafness-in-a-dish: modeling hereditary deafness with inner ear organoids.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a major cause of functional disability in both the developed and developing world. While hearing aids and cochlear implants provide significant benefit to many with SNHL, neither targets the cellular and molecular dysfunction that ultimately underlies SNHL. The successful development of more targeted approaches, such as growth factor, stem cell, and gene therapies, will require a yet deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of human hearing and deafness.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks From the Lateral Ventricle: A Case Series.

Objectives: Describe the diagnosis and management of lateral skull base (LSB) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks originating from the lateral ventricle.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral academic center.