Population Genomics of Adaptive Radiation.

Adaptive radiations are rich laboratories for exploring, testing, and understanding key theories in evolution and ecology because they offer spectacular displays of speciation and ecological adaptation. Particular challenges to the study of adaptive radiation include high levels of species richness, rapid speciation, and gene flow between species. Over the last decade, high-throughput sequencing technologies and access to population genomic data have lessened these challenges by enabling the analysis of samples from many individual organisms at whole-genome scales.

Oral manifestations of Crohn disease managed with ustekinumab: A case report.

Background: The authors reviewed a case involving the orofacial manifestations of Crohn disease (CD) in an adolescent whose treatment was ultimately managed with a newer class of biologic drug agent, ustekinumab (Stelara, Janssen Biotech). CD is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract that often causes extraintestinal complications. The underlying etiology of CD involves genetic, environmental, and local factors.

FAIR-EuMon: a FAIR-enabling resource for biodiversity monitoring schemes.

Background: Within the scope of the Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC), the ADVANCE project - Advanced metadata standards for biodiversity survey and monitoring data: supporting of research and conservation - aimed at supporting rich metadata generation with interoperable metadata standards and semantic artefacts that facilitate data access, integration and reuse across terrestrial, freshwater and marine realms. HMC's mission is to facilitate the discovery, access, machine-readability, and reuse of research data across and beyond the Helmholtz Association.

New Information: We revised, adapted and expanded existing metadata schemas, vocabularies and thesauri to build a FAIR metadata schema and a metadata entry form built on it for users to provide their metadata instances focused on biodiversity monitoring data.

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Parkinson's disease at the clinic-wide level.

Observational studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) deeply characterize relatively small numbers of participants. The Molecular Integration in Neurological Diagnosis Initiative seeks to characterize molecular and clinical features of every PD patient at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). The objectives of this study are to determine the feasibility of genetic characterization in PD and assess clinical features by sex and GBA1/LRRK2 status on a clinic-wide scale.

A core domain set for pyoderma gangrenosum trial outcomes: an international eDelphi and consensus study from the UPGRADE initiative.

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative skin condition with no current standardized outcomes or outcome measures. With a rich investigational therapeutic pipeline, standardization of outcomes and improvement of data quality and interpretability will promote the appropriate and consistent evaluation of potential new therapies. Core outcome sets (COS) are agreed, standardized sets of outcomes that represent the minimum that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials of a specific condition.

Can we achieve better trial recruitment by presenting patient information through multimedia? Meta-analysis of 'studies within a trial' (SWATs).

Background: People need high-quality information to make decisions about research participation. Providing information in written format alone is conventional but may not be the most effective and acceptable approach. We developed a structure for the presentation of information using multimedia which included generic and trial-specific content.

Reference Genome Choice and Filtering Thresholds Jointly Influence Phylogenomic Analyses.

Molecular phylogenies are a cornerstone of modern comparative biology and are commonly employed to investigate a range of biological phenomena, such as diversification rates, patterns in trait evolution, biogeography, and community assembly. Recent work has demonstrated that significant biases may be introduced into downstream phylogenetic analyses from processing genomic data; however, it remains unclear whether there are interactions among bioinformatic parameters or biases introduced through the choice of reference genome for sequence alignment and variant calling. We address these knowledge gaps by employing a combination of simulated and empirical data sets to investigate the extent to which the choice of reference genome in upstream bioinformatic processing of genomic data influences phylogenetic inference, as well as the way that reference genome choice interacts with bioinformatic filtering choices and phylogenetic inference method.

COVID-19 Infection in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with comorbidities that are risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection. We evaluated demographics and COVID-19 outcomes in HS patients.

Methods: HS patients with COVID-19 (HS+/COVID+) and a randomized age-, race-, and sex-matched control population of patients without HS with COVID-19 (HS-/COVID+) were selected through a retrospective chart review.

Parallel shifts in trout feeding morphology suggest rapid adaptation to alpine lake environments.

Eco-evolutionary interactions following ecosystem change provide critical insight into the ability of organisms to adapt to shifting resource landscapes. Here we explore evidence for the rapid parallel evolution of trout feeding morphology following eco-evolutionary interactions with zooplankton in alpine lakes stocked at different points in time in the Wind River Range (Wyoming, USA). In this system, trout predation has altered the zooplankton species community and driven a decrease in average zooplankton size.

Low Rates of Psychosocial Screening and Lifestyle Counseling in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients in the USA.

Introduction: Although hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with psychosocial comorbidities such as depression as well as modifiable comorbidities such as obesity, rates of psychosocial screening and lifestyle counseling in the USA have not been characterized.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized publicly available data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) between 2008 and 2018 to identify visits with a diagnosis of HS (ICD-9 code 705.83, ICD-10 code L73.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal cancer-associated fibroblasts in glioblastoma with protumoral effects.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were presumed absent in glioblastoma given the lack of brain fibroblasts. Serial trypsinization of glioblastoma specimens yielded cells with CAF morphology and single-cell transcriptomic profiles based on their lack of copy number variations (CNVs) and elevated individual cell CAF probability scores derived from the expression of 9 CAF markers and absence of 5 markers from non-CAF stromal cells sharing features with CAFs. Cells without CNVs and with high CAF probability scores were identified in single-cell RNA-Seq of 12 patient glioblastomas.

Relationship Disturbances in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Patient Perspective.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can significantly impact patients' relationships.

Methods: Using an anonymous electronic survey, we aimed to determine what aspects of sexual relationships are affected by HS discomfort and patients' reluctance to discuss HS with their partner.

Results: Among the 873 participants, 60.

Cutaneous Oxalosis Due to Primary Hyperoxaluria.

A 19-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with a progressively painful purpuric lesion on the left dorsal foot, which had initially appeared 2 days prior. Three months earlier, she had been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease. Her medical history also included recurrent urolithiasis for the past 5 years and liver failure.

The "Understanding Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Review and Assessment of Disease Effects (UPGRADE)" Project: a protocol for the development of the core outcome domain set for trials in pyoderma gangrenosum.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that affects approximately 0.3-6 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. Clinical trials are scarce but there is growing interest in using newer and more targeted therapeutics to achieve disease remission.

Atopic Dermatitis: A Guide to Transitioning to Janus Kinase Inhibitors.

Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) are promising medications that the Food and Drug Administration recently approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis in January 2022. These medications offer a novel therapeutic mechanism and may be an additional treatment avenue for patients who are currently reliant on conventional immunosuppressants, such as cyclosporine A, methotrexate, or mycophenolate mofetil, or newer medications, such as dupilumab. However, redundant treatment puts patients at risk for excessive toxicity and polypharmacy, whereas abrupt tapering of a preexisting regimen may cause flares of the disease.

Guidance on COVID-19 Vaccination in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Modified Delphi Consensus of Experts.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients may be at increased risk of COVID-19 infection and complications from their medications and comorbidities. There is a lack of expert consensus on recommendations for the COVID-19 vaccine for HS patients. Herein, we aim to provide expert-driven consensus recommendations regarding COVID-19 vaccinations in HS patients.

Allergen Composition, Marketing Claims, and Affordability of Pediatric Sunscreens.

Background: Childhood sun exposure is associated with development of future skin cancers. Sunscreens are an important tool to prevent harmful ultraviolet rays.

Objectives: The aims of the study are to evaluate sunscreens targeted to children and to analyze cost, marketing claims, ingredients, and allergens to help consumers select products.

Variable hybridization between two Lake Tanganyikan cichlid species in recent secondary contact.

Closely related taxa frequently exist in sympatry before the evolution of robust reproductive barriers, which can lead to substantial gene flow. Post-divergence gene flow can promote several disparate trajectories of divergence ranging from the erosion of distinctiveness and eventual collapse of the taxa to the strengthening of reproductive isolation. Among many relevant factors, understanding the demographic history of divergence (e.

Characterization of Legal Claims Involving Patients with Pyoderma Gangrenosum.

Objective: To review the litigation literature related to patients with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) to characterize the legal issues they face.

Data Sources: Data sources include law databases Casetext and Lexis Nexis.

Study Selection: All disability and medical liability claims directly involving patients with PG were included.