Impact of Climate Change on Adolescents' Health Outcomes: An Evidence Gap Map Review.

Background: The evolving impact of climate change on adolescents' health is a pressing global concern. Climate change's effects on their physical, mental, and social well-being worsen unique developmental challenges for adolescents. This study aims to map existing evidence, identify gaps, and highlight research and intervention needs.

Clinical confocal laser endomicroscopy for imaging of autofluorescence signals of human brain tumors and non-tumor brain.

Purpose: Analysis of autofluorescence holds promise for brain tumor delineation and diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated the potential of a commercial confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy (CLE) system for clinical imaging of brain tumors.

Methods: A clinical CLE system with fiber probe and 488 nm laser excitation was used to acquire images of tissue autofluorescence.

Predicting recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and a normal CT using serum biomarkers and diffusion tensor imaging (CENTER-TBI): an observational cohort study.

Background: Even patients with normal computed tomography (CT) head imaging may experience persistent symptoms for months to years after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). There is currently no good way to predict recovery and triage patients who may benefit from early follow-up and targeted intervention. We aimed to assess if existing prognostic models can be improved by serum biomarkers or diffusion tensor imaging metrics (DTI) from MRI, and if serum biomarkers can identify patients for DTI.

Optimism and pessimism: a concept for behavioural ecology.

Originating from human psychology, the concepts of "optimism" and "pessimism" were transferred to animal welfare science about 20 years ago to study emotional states in non-human animals. Over time, "optimism" and "pessimism" have developed into valuable welfare indicators, but little focus has been put on the ecological implications of this concept. Here, we aim to bridge this gap and underline the great potential for transferring it to behavioural ecology.

Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Determined with Oscillometric Pulse Wave Analysis Algorithm Antares Is an Independent Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study.

: Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a well-established surrogate marker of arterial stiffness. The Antares algorithm offers a method for determining aPWV from oscillometric blood pressure waveforms without requiring additional inputs. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the association and prognostic value of aPWV, determined by Antares, in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Access to Healthcare for Black Women in Alberta: An Interpersonal-Level Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators.

Alberta is home to one of Canada's fastest growing populations of Black people, driven by an influx of African immigrants to major metropolitan areas such as Edmonton and Calgary. As the Black population in Alberta continues to grow, it is crucial to the well-being of these communities that we understand their health service needs. Black women are a vulnerable group within the Black population due to inequities in social determinants of health such as access to healthcare.

Animal research revisited - the case of behavioural studies.

Animal research is a matter of intense public debate, with some people supporting and some opposing it. Drawing from examples of behavioural biology, we argue that such an 'all-or-nothing' debate falls short. We highlight the potential of better science communication and tailored ethics assessments to foster a more nuanced view.

New particle formation from isoprene under upper-tropospheric conditions.

Aircraft observations have revealed ubiquitous new particle formation in the tropical upper troposphere over the Amazon and the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Although the vapours involved remain unknown, recent satellite observations have revealed surprisingly high night-time isoprene mixing ratios of up to 1 part per billion by volume (ppbv) in the tropical upper troposphere. Here, in experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber, we report new particle formation initiated by the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene at upper-tropospheric temperatures of -30 °C and -50 °C.

Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon's upper troposphere.

New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols. It is known to occur over the Amazon basin, but the nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet to be identified. Here we present comprehensive in situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products of isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF in the Amazonian upper troposphere.

Exploring the dosimetric impact of systematic and random setup uncertainties in robust optimization of head and neck IMPT plans.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the dosimetric impact of incorporating systematic and random setup uncertainties in the robust optimization of head and neck cancer (HNC) Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) plans.

Methods: Bilateral HNC patients (n = 10) previously treated with conventional photon therapy at our institution were included. Both systematic and random setup uncertainties were incorporated into the robust optimization process of IMPT planning.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of African Optometrists on Fellowship of the American Academy of Optometry (AAO): A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Introduction: Following the formal launch of the AAO-African Chapter in October 2023, there was a renewed interest among African Optometrists to obtain the Fellowship of the American Academy of Optometry (FAAO). This paper investigates the awareness of the FAAO process among African optometrists and their perception of the newly established African Chapter's role in advancing the profession on the continent. The survey addresses a critical gap in understanding and highlights the pivotal role the African Chapter can play in advancing the optometry profession on the continent, contributing valuable insights for shaping strategies to enhance awareness, promote professional development, and foster a sense of belonging among African optometrists within the global optometry community.

[Long-/Post-COVID symptoms in a hotspot collective of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Germany].

Introduction: Despite a high number of long/post-COVID cases and an enormous psychological strain on the part of the patients, no scientific consensus has yet been reached on a clearly defined disease entity. The comprehensive media coverage has made the public more sensitive to this topic, which makes it more difficult to take an objective perspective.

Methods: We report on long/post-COVID symptoms in a hotspot collective of the first SARS-CoV-2 wave of infections in Germany; these infections began in Spring 2020 and therefore preceded the start of an intensive media coverage.

Nutrition Training in Medical Education Among Family Medicine Residents in North Carolina.

Background: This study surveyed family medicine residents in North Carolina regarding the state of nutrition education in their residency training. In addition, the survey explored comfort levels with, and attitudes about, discussing nutrition with patients.

Methods: We administered an online questionnaire to family medicine residents in North Carolina (n = 384) asking about their history of nutrition training and their current attitudes about nutrition.

[ePROs in the routine care of a major oncology center: Results and experiences].

Background: To what extent and under what conditions electronically captured patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) can be used in routine medical care and contribute to improved patient care is a widely discussed question. In the field of oncology, few studies in Germany have focused this topic that go beyond the scope of time-limited studies.

Method: First, we present the centrally coordinated collection of ePROs in the routine care of a comprehensive cancer center of the German Cancer Aid in its development, and then describe its qualitative dimension.

Search for the Exclusive W Boson Hadronic Decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ with the ATLAS Detector.

A search for the exclusive hadronic decays W^{±}→π^{±}γ, W^{±}→K^{±}γ, and W^{±}→ρ^{±}γ is performed using up to 140  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13  TeV. If observed, these rare processes would provide a unique test bench for the quantum chromodynamics factorization formalism used to calculate cross sections at colliders. Additionally, at future colliders, these decays could offer a new way to measure the W boson mass through fully reconstructed decay products.

Ethnic and racialized disparities in the use of screening services for pap smears and mammograms in Canada.

Background: Breast and cervical cancers pose significant health challenges for women globally, emphasizing the critical importance of effective screening programs for early detection. In Canada, despite the implementation of accessible healthcare systems, ethnic and racialized disparities in cancer screening persist. This study aims to assess ethnic and racialized disparities in breast and cervical cancer screening in Canada.

Impact of proprioceptive cervical dizziness in chronic neck pain syndromes on gait and stance during active head-turn challenges.

An earlier observational study described selected patients with acute neck pain syndrome, who experienced short bursts of cervical vertigo elicited by rapid head movements. The current study on a larger cohort of 20 patients with chronic or frequently recurring neck pain syndrome and age-matched controls focused on two major questions: (1) Can head movements in subjects with exacerbations of neck pain and restrictions of neck mobility also elicit bursts of vertigo? (2) What is the impact on postural balance measured by analysis of body sway and locomotion? A detailed questionnaire was applied, posture and gait were evaluated by use of instrumented posturography-and gait analysis with and without slow or rapid horizontal head rotations in the yaw plane with and without sight/visual input. All patients reported some or frequent episodes of dizziness in the range of seconds only elicited by rapid, not by slow head movements.

Reaction force constant as a descriptor of the principle of non-perfect synchronization.

Context: In this study, a small set of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions that proceed at the same exothermicity is presented. Our main objective was to extend the application of the reaction force constant concept to gain an understanding of the reactivity principles. Inspired by a recent article where we show that the Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle is fulfilled under the condition of an equal degree of (a)synchronicity, here, we demonstrate that the reaction force constant is also a suitable descriptor to quantify the principle of non-perfect synchronization proposed by Bernasconi as a way to understand deviations from the Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle.