The associations between paternal postpartum depressive symptoms and testosterone and cortisol levels in hair over the first two years postpartum.

Background: After the birth of a child, also fathers may develop postpartum depression. Altered steroid hormone concentrations are discussed as a possible underlying mechanism, as these have been associated with depressive symptoms in previous studies outside the postpartum period. While higher paternal testosterone levels have been found to protect against paternal postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS), an association between higher cortisol levels and PPDS has been seen in postpartum mothers, with no comparable studies available on fathers.

Parental and Medical Classification of Neurodevelopment in Children Born Preterm.

Background And Objectives: The likelihood and severity of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) affects critical health care decisions. NDI definitions were developed without parental perspectives. We investigated the agreement between parental vs medical classification of NDI among children born preterm.

Preparation, articulation, and photogrammetry of a neonatal moose skeleton.

Objective: Neonatal skeletal articulations for research and display purposes are uncommon due to issues surrounding incomplete bone maturation and reduced structural integrity that affect the bone preparation and articulation procedures. The present project was designed to add to the veterinary literature on neonatal moose osteological specimens, document the procedures of preparing and articulating a delicate specimen, and construct a 3-dimensional (3D) scan of the articulated skeleton that could be used for scientific and veterinary research and study worldwide.

Animal: A neonatal moose that had succumbed to capture myopathy resulting from entanglement in a barbed wire fence was the sole subject of this project.

Contextualized race and ethnicity annotations for clinical text from MIMIC-III.

Observational health research often relies on accurate and complete race and ethnicity (RE) patient information, such as characterizing cohorts, assessing quality/performance metrics of hospitals and health systems, and identifying health disparities. While the electronic health record contains structured data such as accessible patient-level RE data, it is often missing, inaccurate, or lacking granular details. Natural language processing models can be trained to identify RE in clinical text which can supplement missing RE data in clinical data repositories.

Measuring financial distress in German cancer patients: development and validation of the Financial Distress of Cancer Assessment Tool (FIAT).

Background: Cancer diagnosis and therapy can lead to significant financial distress for those affected, even in universal health care systems. We present the development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure for financial distress in German cancer patients.

Methods: Validation of the newly developed instrument followed a two-step approach, including two quantitative paper-pencil surveys (N1 = 111, N2 = 267) with patients of all types of cancer and treatment status at two German university hospitals.

Global development assistance for early childhood care and education in 134 low- and middle-income countries, 2007-2021.

Introduction: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) often dedicate limited domestic funds to expand quality early childhood care and education (ECCE), making complementary international donor support potentially important. However, research on the allocation of international development assistance for ECCE has been limited.

Methods: We analysed data from the Creditor Reporting System on aid projects to assess global development assistance for ECCE in 134 LMICs from 2007 to 2021.

Long-term effectiveness of an ultra-rapid rollout vaccination campaign with BNT162b2 on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In 2021, an ultra-rapid rollout vaccination campaign in the Schwaz district, Tyrol, Austria, delivered the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 to 66.9% of eligible residents (dose 1: March 11-16, dose 2: April 8-13). Alongside the campaign, we recruited 11,955 residents into the prospective study REDUCE, of whom 3,859 participated in a booster vaccination initiative (November 20-28, 2021).

Early life adversity blunts the subjective and physiological relaxation response in healthy adults.

While Early Live Adversity (ELA) is a known risk factor for mental and physical diseases, the investigation into the mechanisms behind this connection is ongoing. In the present study, we investigated whether ELA blunts the relaxation response in healthy adults. Using a within-subjects design, we employed a paced breathing exercise (four seconds inhale, six seconds exhale) and a 360° nature video as relaxation interventions while measuring physiological relaxation using heart rate variability and subjective relaxation using the Relaxation State Questionnaire.

Single-molecule dynamic structural biology with vertically arranged DNA on a fluorescence microscope.

The intricate interplay between DNA and proteins is key for biological functions such as DNA replication, transcription and repair. Dynamic nanoscale observations of DNA structural features are necessary for understanding these interactions. Here we introduce graphene energy transfer with vertical nucleic acids (GETvNA), a method to investigate DNA-protein interactions that exploits the vertical orientation adopted by double-stranded DNA on graphene.

Kinetics of 15 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) after single oral application as a mixture - A pilot investigation in a male volunteer.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with half-lives in humans in the range of years in case of the long-chain compounds, leading to accumulation and measurable levels in plasma. In contrast, short-chain and "alternative" PFAS have lower levels or are not detectable in humans with background exposure. This may be due to lower exposure, but also due to much shorter half-lives compared to long-chain compounds.

Unconventional Crystal Structure of the High-Pressure Superconductor La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}.

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7} at pressures above 14 GPa has spurred extensive research efforts. Yet, fundamental aspects of the superconducting phase, including the possibility of a filamentary character, are currently subjects of controversial debates. Conversely, a crystal structure with NiO_{6} octahedral bilayers stacked along the c-axis direction was consistently posited in initial studies on La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}.

Correlation of Processing and Structure in an Ethylene-Glycol Side-Chain Modified Polythiophene via Combined X-Ray Scattering and 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy.

The results of a combined grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and 4D scanning transmission microscopy (4D-STEM) analysis of the effects of thermal processing on poly(3[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-methylthiophene-2,5-diyl) are reported, a conjugated semiconducting polymer used as the active layer in organic electrochemical transistor devices. GIWAXS provides a measure of overall crystallinity in the film, while 4D-STEM produces real-space maps of the morphology and orientation of individual crystallites along with their spatial extent and distribution. The sensitivity of the 4D-STEM detector allows for collection of electron diffraction patterns at each position in an image scan while limiting the imparted electron dose to below the damage threshold.

Effectiveness of the First and Second Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Dose: A Nationwide Cohort Study From Austria on Hybrid Versus Natural Immunity.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected adults in the general population of Austria during the Delta wave and with extended follow-up.

Methods: In a nationwide retrospective cohort study, we calculated age-, sex-, and nursing home residency-adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths, SARS-CoV-2 infections, and non-COVID-19 deaths from 1 October to 31 December 2021, and secondarily with extended follow-up to 30 June 2022. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) is rVE = (1 - HR) × 100.

MULA, an affordable framework for multifunctional liquid automation in natural- and life sciences with a focus on hardware design, setup, modularity and validation.

The implementation of automation has already had a considerable impact on chemical and pharmaceutical industrial laboratories. However, academic laboratories have often been more reluctant to adopt such technology due to the high cost of commercial liquid handling systems, although, in many instances, there would be a huge potential to automate repetitive tasks, resulting in elevated productivity. We present here a detailed description of the setup, validation, and utilization of a multifunctional liquid automation (MULA) system that can be used to automate various chemical and biological tasks.

Prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes and use of diabetes medication in Germany: A claims data study.

Aims: To identify the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany and to evaluate if antidiabetic treatment patterns varied by comorbidity status.

Materials And Methods: Patients with T2D (aged ≥18 years) were identified during the study period (2014-2020) from medical claims of 4.5 million publicly insured German residents and divided into different cohorts based on CVD and/or obesity diagnosis.

Students' perception of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmacy school.

Introduction: The increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) among college students, particularly in pharmacy education, raises ethical concerns and prompts debates on responsible usage. The promise of the potential to reduce workload is met with concerns of accuracy issues, algorithmic bias, and the lack of AI education and training. This study aims to understand pharmacy students' perspectives on the use of AI in pharmacy education.

Perpendicular crossing chains enable high mobility in a noncrystalline conjugated polymer.

The nature of interchain π-system contacts, and their relationship to hole transport, are elucidated for the high-mobility, noncrystalline conjugated polymer C16-IDTBT by the application of scanning tunneling microscopy, molecular dynamics, and quantum chemical calculations. The microstructure is shown to favor an unusual packing motif in which paired chains cross-over one another at near-perpendicular angles. By linking to mesoscale microstructural features, revealed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics and previous studies, and performing simulations of charge transport, it is demonstrated that the high mobility of C16-IDTBT can be explained by the promotion of a highly interconnected transport network, stemming from the adoption of perpendicular contacts at the nanoscale, in combination with fast intrachain transport.

A New Class of Gold(I) NHC Complexes with Proapoptotic and Resensitizing Properties towards Multidrug Resistant Leukemia Cells Overexpressing BCL-2.

From previous studies, it is evident that metal-organic gold(I) complexes have antiproliferative activities. The aim of this study is not only to find new anticancer agents but also to overcome existing cytostatic resistance in cancer cells. The synthesis and medicinal evaluation of two cationic 1,3-disubstituted gold(I) bis-tetrazolylidene complexes and are reported.

A Snapshot of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience Program Characteristics.

Objective: To provide schools and colleges of pharmacy a snapshot of Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE) program characteristics to generate and share ideas for IPPE program modifications to improve student learning outcomes and comply with Standards 2025.

Methods: A 41-item electronic survey was distributed to 140 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education fully accredited schools and colleges of pharmacy in 2023. IPPE program characteristics such as structure, learning activities, assessments, and requirements were described.

Bracketology in Pharmacy Education: The Impact of March Medication Madness on Student Engagement and Knowledge.

Gamification is used in pharmacy education as an innovative learning strategy to engage learners with educational content. The March Medication Madness activity used bracketology, a type of gamification not previously described in pharmacy education literature, to increase student engagement and knowledge of key disease states. The activity was developed for use in a capstone course during the final semester of the didactic pharmacy curriculum.

Women's health and well-being in five birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries: Domains and their associations with early-life conditions.

Background: Women's health and well-being (WHW) have been receiving growing attention, but limited progress has been made on how to measure its different domains in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used data from five long-term birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, the Philippines and South Africa to explore different domains of adult WHW, and how these domains relate to early life exposures.

Methods: Based upon an a priori conceptualisation of eight postulated WHW outcomes available in the data, we grouped them as follows: human capital (intelligence quotient, schooling, height, and teenage childbearing), metabolic health (body mass index and metabolic syndrome score), and psychological (happiness and Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ) scores).