Inequalities in accelerated cognitive decline: Resolving observational window bias using nested non-linear regression.

Introduction: Limited observational windows lead to conflicting results in studies examining educational differences in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) risk, due to observational window bias relative to onset of accelerated cognitive decline. This study tested a novel model to address observational window bias and tested for the presence and sources of disparities in accelerated cognitive declines due to ADRD.

Methods: The sample examined 167,314 cognitive assessments from 32,441 Health and Retirement Study participants.

Incidence of Dementia Before Age 65 Years Among World Trade Center Attack Responders.

Importance: Reports suggest that the individuals who served in rescue operations following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) have poorer brain health than expected.

Objective: To assess the incidence of dementia before age 65 years in a prospective study of WTC responders and to compare incidence among responders with severe exposures to debris vs responders not exposed to building debris or who wore personalized protective equipment (PPE).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study was conducted from November 1, 2014, to January 1, 2023, in an academic medical monitoring program available to verified WTC responders residing on Long Island, New York.

Improving CRISPR-Cas9 directed faithful transgene integration outcomes by reducing unwanted random DNA integration.

Background: The field of genome editing has been revolutionized by the development of an easily programmable editing tool, the CRISPR-Cas9. Despite its promise, off-target activity of Cas9 posed a great disadvantage for genome editing purposes by causing DNA double strand breaks at off-target locations and causing unwanted editing outcomes. Furthermore, for gene integration applications, which introduce transgene sequences, integration of transgenes to off-target sites could be harmful, hard to detect, and reduce faithful genome editing efficiency.

No evidence for chunking in spatial memory of route experience.

Spatial memory is important for supporting the successful completion of everyday activities and is a particularly vulnerable domain in late life. Grouping items together in memory, or chunking, can improve spatial memory performance. In memory for desktop scale spaces and well-learned large-scale environments, error patterns suggest that information is chunked in memory.

Predicting internalizing symptoms with machine learning: identifying individuals that need care.

The current project aims to identify individuals in urgent need of mental health care, using a machine learning algorithm (random forest). Comparison/contrast with conventional regression analyses is discussed. A total of 2,409 participants were recruited from an anonymous university, including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and staff.

A 65-Year-Old Woman With No Menopause History: A Case Report.

Menopause is a universal occurrence in a woman's life where menstruation ceases, with an average age of 51.4 years in the United States. Late-onset menopause is defined as menopause after age 55.

Loss of mental health support among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

: The COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously exacerbated mental health concerns among college students and made it more challenging for many students to access mental health support. However, little is known about the extent of mental health support loss among college students, or which students have lost support. 415 undergraduate students who reported receiving mental health support prior to the pandemic participated.

Exploring the use of social network interventions for adults with mental health difficulties: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: People with mental health difficulties often experience social isolation. The importance of interventions to enhance social networks and reduce this isolation is increasingly being recognised. However, the literature has not yet been systematically reviewed with regards to how these are best used.

Personal and collective mental time travel across the adult lifespan during COVID-19.

Older adults exhibit an , with more positivity for memories than young adults. Theoretical explanations attribute this phenomenon to greater emphasis on emotion regulation and well-being due to shortened time horizons. Adults, across the lifespan, also exhibit a (more negativity about their country than their personal past and future) and a (more positivity for future projections than for memories).

COVID-19 experiences and psychopathology symptoms in college students at the onset of the pandemic.

The present study examined what specific aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to psychopathology symptoms among college students during the initial stages of the pandemic. One thousand and eighty-nine college students ( = 20.73, = 2.

Explainable automated evaluation of the clock drawing task for memory impairment screening.

Introduction: The clock drawing task (CDT) is frequently used to aid in detecting cognitive impairment, but current scoring techniques are time-consuming and miss relevant features, justifying the creation of an automated quantitative scoring approach.

Methods: We used computer vision methods to analyze the stored scanned images ( = 7,109), and an intelligent system was created to examine these files in a study of aging World Trade Center responders. Outcomes were CDT, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Just write it down: Similarity in the benefit from cognitive offloading in young and older adults.

Past research conducted primarily in young adults has demonstrated the utility of cognitive offloading for benefitting performance of memory-based tasks, particularly at high memory loads. At the same time, older adults show declines in a variety of memory abilities, including subtle changes in short-term memory, suggesting that cognitive offloading could also benefit performance of memory-based tasks in this group. To this end, 94 participants (62 young adults, 32 older adults) were tested on a retrospective audiovisual short-term memory task in two blocked conditions.

Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Undergraduate and Graduate Students' Mental Health and Treatment Use Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted numerous people?s mental health and created new barriers to services. To address the unknown effects of the pandemic on accessibility and equality issues in mental health care, this study aimed to investigate gender and racial/ethnic disparities in mental health and treatment use in undergraduate and graduate students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted based on a largescale online survey (N = 1,415) administered during the weeks following a pandemic-related university-wide campus closure in March 2020.

Take a load off: examining partial and complete cognitive offloading of medication information.

Although cognitive offloading, or the use of physical action to reduce internal cognitive demands, is a commonly used strategy in everyday life, relatively little is known about the conditions that encourage offloading and the memorial consequences of different offloading strategies for performance. Much of the extant work in this domain has focused on laboratory-based tasks consisting of word lists, letter strings, or numerical stimuli and thus makes little contact with real-world scenarios under which engaging in cognitive offloading might be likely. Accordingly, the current work examines offloading choice behavior and potential benefits afforded by offloading health-related information.

Creating positive experiences of involvement in mental health research.

The importance of patient and public involvement (PPI) in mental health research is increasingly acknowledged by funders, researchers, and patients. However, the impact of PPI on those who bring their own lived experiences to research environments is underexplored. A retrospective reflective approach was undertaken collaboratively by four people bringing lived experiences of mental health difficulties to a study adapting a social network intervention for mental health services.

Implementing human factors in anaesthesia: guidance for clinicians, departments and hospitals: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society and the Association of Anaesthetists: Guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society and the Association of Anaesthetists.

Human factors is an evidence-based scientific discipline used in safety critical industries to improve safety and worker well-being. The implementation of human factors strategies in anaesthesia has the potential to reduce the reliance on exceptional personal and team performance to provide safe and high-quality patient care. To encourage the adoption of human factors science in anaesthesia, the Difficult Airway Society and the Association of Anaesthetists established a Working Party, including anaesthetists and operating theatre team members with human factors expertise and/or interest, plus a human factors scientist, an industrial psychologist and an experimental psychologist/implementation scientist.

'Propped and prone' positioning reduces respiratory events in spontaneously breathing preterm infants: A randomised triple crossover study.

Aim: We compared effects of infant positioning and feed-rate interventions on respiratory events and oximetry parameters in spontaneously breathing preterm infants born <32 weeks gestation managed in a neonatal unit.

Methods: A randomised triple crossover design was employed. n = 68 infants underwent three test conditions A: control (supine/flat, gravity bolus feeds), B: position intervention (propped/prone) and C: feed-rate intervention (continuous pump feeds) in randomised sequence over three consecutive days.

Adult age differences in subjective context retrieval in dual-list free recall.

Age-related episodic memory deficits imply that older and younger adults differentially retrieve and monitor contextual features that indicate the source of studied information. Such differences have been shown in subjective reports during recognition and cued recall as well as process estimates derived from computational models of free recall organisation. The present study extends the subject report method to free recall to characterise age differences in context retrieval and monitoring, and to test assumptions from a context-based computational model.

Adapting a social network intervention for use in secondary mental health services using a collaborative approach with service users, carers/supporters and health professionals in the United Kingdom.

Background: Social integration, shared decision-making and personalised care are key elements of mental health and social care policy. Although these elements have been shown to improve service user and service-level outcomes, their translation into practice has been inconsistent and social isolation amongst service users persists.

Aim: To co-adapt, with service users, carers/supporters and health professionals, a web-based social network intervention, GENIE™, for use in secondary mental health services.

Virtual navigation in healthy aging: Activation during learning and deactivation during retrieval predicts successful memory for spatial locations.

Spatial navigation and spatial memory are two important skills for independent living, and are known to be compromised with age. Here, we investigate the neural correlates of successful spatial memory in healthy older adults in order to learn more about the neural underpinnings of maintenance of navigation skill into old age. Healthy older adults watched a video shot by a person navigating a route and were asked to remember objects along the route and then attempted to remember object locations by virtually pointing to the location of hidden objects from several locations along the route.

Detecting endogenous TRIB2 protein expression by flow cytometry and Western blotting.

Protein kinases catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group thereby activating proteins and initiating signaling cascades. Their cousins, the pseudokinases, are enzymatically nonactive counterparts of protein kinases that can be considered zombie enzymes. Interestingly, pseudokinases, which constitute about 10% of the human kinome, have been implicated in many cancers, despite their sequences predicting a lack of catalytic activity.

College student interest in teletherapy and self-guided mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened college students' mental health while simultaneously creating new barriers to traditional in-person care. Teletherapy and online self-guided mental health supports are two potential avenues for addressing unmet mental health needs when face-to-face services are less accessible, but little is known about factors that shape interest in these supports. 1,224 U.