Transcriptional Integration of Meiotic Prophase I Progression and Early Oocyte Differentiation.

Female reproductive senescence results from the regulated depletion of a finite pool of oocytes called the ovarian reserve. This pool of oocytes is initially established during fetal development, but the oocytes that comprise it must remain quiescent for decades until they are activated during maturation in adulthood. In order for developmentally competent oocytes to populate the ovarian reserve they must successfully initiate both meiosis and oogenesis.

Targeting the Weak Spot: Preferential Disruption of Bacterial Poles by Janus Nanoparticles.

The interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and bacterial cell envelopes is crucial for designing effective antibacterial materials against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. However, the current understanding assumes a uniform bacterial cell wall. This study challenges that assumption by investigating how bacterial cell wall curvature impacts antibacterial NP action.

A comparison of the estrogenic potencies of estradiol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, nonylphenol and methoxychlor in vivo and in vitro.

Five natural, pharmaceutical, or xenobiotic chemicals [17beta-estradiol (E2), ethynylestradiol (EE2), diethystilbestrol (DES), methoxychlor (MXC), nonylphenol (NP)] were tested in two in vitro assays [yeast estrogen screen (YES), MCF-7 breast tumor cell proliferation (E-Screen)], and compared with previously reported results from two in vivo male sheepshead minnow vitellogenin (VTG) production studies. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how accurately the two in vitro assays predicted responses observed in live animals. EC50 values for all five chemicals were approximately one order of magnitude less sensitive in the YES assay than in the MCF-7 assay.

Screening for colorectal cancer: the business case.

Colorectal cancer screening is advocated by expert groups based on strong evidence of effectiveness, yet only approximately 1 in 3 Americans are screened. For a screening program to be effective, it is necessary for providers to offer and patients to accept screening, insurers to pay for screening, and provider groups to have monitoring and reminder systems and the expertise and facilities to perform the tests well. Whether and when such screening programs become successful depends on the priorities of healthcare decision makers as much as on the efforts of individual physicians and patients.

Clonidine challenge in childhood anxiety disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the neurohormonal and subjective mood response of children with anxiety disorder to clonidine challenge

Method: Children with DSM-IV diagnoses of anxiety disorder (ANX) (n = 24) and normal controls (n = 15) were given a challenge of intravenous clonidine (1.3 micrograms/kg) and provided neurohormonal and mood self-report assessment over a 180-minute period.

Results: The ANX group differed from normal controls in Hamilton Anxiety Rating, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale score, and maximum change from baseline (delta max) in growth hormone (GH).

Personality and PTSD II: personality assessment of PTSD-diagnosed Vietnam veterans using the cloninger tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ).

Examined Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) responses of 53 Vietnam veterans with Combat-Related Posttraumatic stress disorder. When compared with normative data, veterans were found to be high on harm avoidance (HA), low on reward dependence (RD), and high on novelty seeking (NS). High HA and high NS scores were predictive of increased PTSD symptom severity as assessed by the MMPI-2 PK (PTSD)scale, Mississippi Combat Scale for PTSD (M-PTSD), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Platelet serotonin transporter in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder or Tourette's syndrome.

Unlabelled: Previous studies of serotonin transporter protein (5HTPR) indexed in platelets by 3H-imipramine demonstrate reduction in children with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS).

Objective: To use the 5HTPR selective ligand 3H-paroxetine and homogeneous diagnostic groups to reevaluate these findings.

Method: Platelet Kinetic binding parameters were evaluated using standard techniques from medication-free child and adolescent patients with OCD (n = 18), with TS (n = 10), and normal controls (n = 19).

Personality disorder symptomatology among Vietnam veterans with combat-related PTSD.

This research examined self-report personality profiles of 42 Vietnam veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) evaluated at an outpatient Veteran's Administration hospital PTSD clinic. Assessment was via the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev; DSM-III-R) Personality Disorders-II (SCID-II) self-report.

Simulation of expert memory using EPAM IV.

EPAM is a theory of the processes of human perception and memory, first programmed for a computer by E. A. Feigenbaum in 1959, that has shown an excellent fit to experimental data from a wide variety of psychological tasks.

Choledocholithiasis in Chinese immigrants with cholelithiasis.

During the period from January 1987 to December 1989, admissions for biliary tract disease at the New York Infirmary--Beekman Downtown Hospital were split almost evenly between Chinese immigrants from southeast Asia and all other ethnic groups (Caucasian, Hispanic, black, et cetera). However, the incidence of choledocholithiasis in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis was much higher in the Chinese immigrant population, 37.2 versus 11.

Haemocin, the bacteriocin produced by Haemophilus influenzae: species distribution and role in colonization.

Four hundred thirty-eight strains of Haemophilus influenzae were examined for production of and sensitivity to haemocin, a bacteriocin produced by some members of this species. Whereas 199 of 212 (94%) type b isolates produced haemocin, 131 of 134 (98%) nontypeable and 91 of 92 (99%) encapsulated non-type b isolates were sensitive to haemocin. Among strains previously genetically characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, haemocin production was detected in type b isolates belonging to 25 of 29 (86%) clonally distinct electrophoretic types.

Meptazinol and morphine in postoperative pain assessed with a new method for onset and duration.

Meptazinol, m-(3-ethyl-1-methyl-hexahydro-1-H-azepin-3-yl) phenol hydrochloride is a centrally active opioid analgesic with a specificity for the mu-1 receptor. It has been reported to lack many of the side effects commonly observed with morphine and morphinelike drugs in man. The objective of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of meptazinol (50 mg and 100 mg) relative to morphine (5 mg and 10 mg) when administered intramuscularly for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Rectal perforation during barium enema. Report of a case.

Perforation of the colon or rectum during the course of barium-enema examination is estimated to occur in approximately 500 patients annually in the United States. It has been over 30 years since the last collective review on this subject reported a prohibitively high mortality and morbidity. Since that time, much has been learned about the treatment of patients with peritonitis and bowel perforation, many new and more effective antibiotics have become available, and the management of shock has become infinitely more sophisticated.

Jumping from the Brooklyn Bridge.

In an attempt to identify factors contributing to survival of free fall and impact, we evaluated the records of four patients who survived a jump from the Brooklyn Bridge into the East River in New York Harbor between 1977 and 1985. All four patients were male and ranged in age from 22 to 67 years. They had free falls of between 41.

Indications for intubation in blunt chest trauma.

The value of endotracheal intubation and internal stabilization in severe chest injuries is well known. Recent reports have proposed that many such patients can be managed without intubation. To determine which patients need intubation we reviewed 140 patients with three or more rib fractures who presented to our hospitals from 1 January 1979 through 31 December 1983: 119 nonintubated patients (Group A); 13 patients intubated on admission (Group B); five patients intubated after hospital day 1 (Group C); and three patients intubated questionably on admission (Group D).

Clinical evaluation of automated processing of electrocardiograms by the Veterans Administration program (AVA 3.4).

Automated processing of electrocardiograms by the Veterans Administration program was evaluated for both agreement with physician interpretation and interpretative accuracy as assessed with nonelectrocardiographic criteria. One thousand unselected electrocardiograms were analyzed by two reviewer groups, one familiar and the other unfamiliar with the computer program. A significant number of measurement errors involving repolarization changes and left axis deviation occurred; however, interpretative disagreements related to statistical decision were largely language-related.

The significance and prognosis of chronic bifascicular block.

The clinical course of 303 patients with bifascicular block was reviewed. Initially, 62% of the total group had evidence of heart disease. The highest frequency of heart disease was in patients with left bundle-branch block and first-degree atrioventricular block (78% or 22/28), while the lowest was in those with right bundle-branch block and left axis deviation (56% or 55/98).

Exercising pulmonary blood flow in mitral stenosis with anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Exercising pulmonary blood flow was estimated from indicator-dilution curves in a patient with the infrequent combination of rheumatic mitral stenosis and anomalous pulmonary venous connection from the left lung. During supine exercise against progressively increasing external workloads, the proportion of flow to each lung remained nearly constant. The pulmonary vascular resistance was highest in the left lung, which emptied into the low-pressure systemic vein.