C reactive protein albumin ratio as a new predictor of postoperative delirium after cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is one of the most common complications of surgery. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for POD in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. This retrospective study included 77 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between January 2015, and December 2020.

Olprinone, a Selective Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitor, Has Protective Effects in a Septic Rat Model after Partial Hepatectomy and Primary Rat Hepatocyte.

Olprinone (OLP) is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III and is used clinically in patients with heart failure and those undergoing cardiac surgery; however, little is known about the effects of OLP on hepatoprotection. The purpose of this study aimed to determine whether OLP has protective effects in in vivo and in vitro rat models of endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatectomy and to clarify the mechanisms of action of OLP. In the in vivo model, rats underwent 70% partial hepatectomy and lipopolysaccharide treatment (PH/LPS).

Giant hemorrhagic pancreatic pseudocyst with suspected cystic pancreatic tumor: a case report.

Pancreatic pseudocysts are surrounded by a non-epithelialized wall confined to the pancreas and localized to the pancreatic tissue or adjacent pancreatic cavity. In contrast, pancreatic cystic tumors occur less frequently than solid lesions and are often detected incidentally on imaging. Regarding the qualitative diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts, it is important to differentiate them from neoplastic cysts.

Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury and partial hepatectomy in a rat model.

Background: Baicalein is the main active flavonoid in Scutellariae Radix and is included in shosaikoto, a Kampo formula used for treating hepatitis and jaundice. However, little is known about its hepatoprotective effects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), a severe clinical condition directly caused by interventional procedures. We aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against HIRI and partial hepatectomy (HIRI + PH) and its potential underlying mechanisms.

Hepatoprotection of a Standardized Extract of Cultured Mycelia against Liver Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion and Partial Hepatectomy.

A standardized extract of cultured mycelia (ECLM, AHCC) has been shown to have beneficial effects on organ metabolism. ECLM has been indicated to have liver protective properties by suppressing inflammatory responses. The pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is thought to involve the induction of inflammatory mediators.

Sulforaphane Is Protective against Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Partial Hepatectomy in Rats.

Sulforaphane (SFN) has various beneficial effects on organ metabolism. However, whether SFN affects inflammatory mediators induced by warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) is unclear. To investigate the hepatoprotective effects of SFN using an in vivo model of HIRI and partial hepatectomy (HIRI + PH), rats were subjected to 15 min of hepatic ischemia with blood inflow occlusion, followed by 70% hepatectomy and release of the inflow occlusion.

Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Roots by Using Nitric Oxide-Producing Rat Hepatocytes Stimulated by Interleukin 1β.

The roots of Dunn and Franchet et Savatier are designated , which is a crude drug defined by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. This crude drug is used as an antitussive and an expectorant and is included in the Kampo formula , which improves cough, fever, and headache. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of this crude drug have been determined, the constituents responsible for this effect remain unknown.

COMBINATION THERAPY WITH A SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE TO INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE MRNA AND HUMAN SOLUBLE THROMBOMODULIN IMPROVES SURVIVAL OF SEPSIS MODEL RATS AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY.

Sepsis after a major hepatectomy is a critical problem. In septic shock, the inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide (NO), is overproduced in hepatocytes and macrophages. The natural antisense (AS) transcripts, non-coding RNAs, are transcribed from a gene that encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Effects of iNOS in Hepatic Warm Ischaemia and Reperfusion Models in Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Warm ischaemia is usually induced by the Pringle manoeuver (PM) during hepatectomy. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard protocol to minimise ischaemia-related injury, so reducing ischaemia-reperfusion damage is an active area of research. This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as an early inflammatory response to hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) in mouse- and rat-liver models.

Omeprazole Increases Survival Through the Inhibition of Inflammatory Mediaters in Two Rat Sepsis Models.

Background: Omeprazole (OMZ) is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to reduce gastric acid secretion, but little is known about its possible liver protective effects. This study investigated whether OMZ has beneficial effects in rat septic models of LPS-induced liver injury after D-galactosamine (GalN) treatment and 70% hepatectomy (PH), and to determine the mechanisms of OMZ in an in vitro model of liver injury.

Methods: In the in vivo models, the effects of OMZ were examined 1 h before treatments in both models on survival, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, histopathological analysis, and proinflammatory mediator expression in the liver and serum.

Orthotopic Kidney Auto-Transplantation in a Porcine Model Using 24 Hours Organ Preservation And Continuous Telemetry.

In the present era of organ transplantation with critical organ shortage, various strategies are employed to expand the pool of available allografts for kidney transplantation (KT). Even though, the use of allografts from extended criteria donors (ECD) could partially ease the shortage of organ donors, ECD organs carry a potentially higher risk for inferior outcomes and postoperative complications. Dynamic organ preservation techniques, modulation of ischemia-reperfusion and preservation injury, and allograft therapies are in the spotlight of scientific interest in an effort to improve allograft utilization and patient outcomes in KT.

Efficacy of a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus in neuroendocrine tumor xenograft models.

Background: Few chemotherapies are available for neuroendocrine tumors, especially for highly malignant neuroendocrine cancers. The third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) T-01 selectively replicates in tumor cells and shows cytotoxicity against tumor cells without damaging surrounding normal tissues. We examined the antitumor effect of T-01 to explore novel treatments for patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

The Proton Pump Inhibitor Lansoprazole Has Hepatoprotective Effects in In Vitro and In Vivo Rat Models of Acute Liver Injury.

Background/aims: The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole (LPZ) is clinically used to reduce gastric acid secretion, but little is known about its possible hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of LPZ and its potential mechanisms using in vitro and in vivo rat models of liver injury.

Methods: For the in vitro model of liver injury, primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with interleukin-1β in the presence or absence of LPZ.

Hepatectomy in a case of hepatocellular carcinoma with constitutional indocyanine green excretory defect.

Introduction: Constitutional indocyanine green (ICG) excretory defect is extremely rare. The indocyanine green retention rate at15 min (ICGR15) is important for estimating hepatic functional reserve and selection of the appropriate surgical procedure before hepatectomy is performed. Because of the rarity of constitutional ICG excretory defect, its clinical features are not well understood.

Resection for Primary Retroperitoneal Serous Adenocarcinoma and Liver Metastasis.

Primary retroperitoneal serous adenocarcinoma (PRSA) is a rare malignancy of which only seven cases have been reported in the literature. The clinical features and outcomes of PRSA are not well understood. We herein report a case of PRSA with liver metastasis in a 74-year-old woman who was treated with surgical excision.

A sense oligonucleotide to inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA increases the survival rate of rats in septic shock.

Natural antisense transcripts (asRNAs) that do not encode proteins are transcribed from rat, mouse, and human genes, encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which catalyzes the production of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO). In septic shock, NO is excessively produced in hepatocytes and macrophages. The iNOS asRNA interacts with and stabilizes iNOS mRNA.

Combination therapies for primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are extremely rare. Because of the rarity of PHNEC, its clinical features and treatment outcomes are not well understood. A proper diagnosis and the correct therapeutic approach therefore remain clinically challenging.

Near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green lactosome has antineoplastic effects for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Anticancer agents and operating procedures have been developed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, but their prognosis remains poor. It is necessary to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HCC to improve its prognosis. Lactosome is a core-shell-type polymeric micelle, and enclosing labeling or anticancer agents into this micelle enables drug delivery.

Elental® amino acid component has protective effects on primary cultured hepatocytes and a rat model of acute liver injury.

Amino acids can exert protective effects on the liver either when administered as a medication or following an operation. In this study, we examined the protective effects of amino acids on the liver using in vitro and in vivo models by studying their influence on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide production as a liver injury marker in cultured hepatocytes and liver-protective effects in d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-treated rats, respectively. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β in the presence or absence of Elental® amino acid component (EleAA; 17 amino acids).

Phase I Study of Sorafenib in Combination with Intermittent Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objectives: We conducted a phase I study of sorafenib and intermittent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using cisplatin for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: Sorafenib was administered continuously, whereas cisplatin was administered once every 3 weeks. We estimated the safety and efficacy.

Genipin Inhibits the Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Through the Inhibition of NF-κB Activation in Rat Hepatocytes.

Background/aims: Genipin is a component of Japanese traditional herbal medicine (Kampo), inchinkoto, and is used for the treatment of various liver injuries. However, there are few scientific evidence for its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms. In inflamed liver, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β stimulate liver cells, followed by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Japanese Kampo Saireito Has a Liver-Protective Effect Through the Inhibition of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Induction in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes.

Background: Japanese herbal medicine, Kampo saireito, is used for treatments in patients with digestive diseases, including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. However, few studies demonstrate scientific evidence for liver-protective effects of saireito. In inflamed liver, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β stimulate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production.