A survey of foundation dentists' experiences of clinical audit.

Introduction Clinical audit is one of the central pillars of clinical governance and is a valuable quality improvement tool. Clinical audit has benefits for all stakeholders and provides evidence of compliance with the requirements of the UK statutory regulatory bodies. The levels of knowledge, experience and understanding of clinical audit of recent UK graduates is variable.

Conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives as promising multifunctional CNS agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

New conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives (salicylamide, salicylimine, and salicylamine) with different lengths of alkylene spacers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential multifunctional central nervous system therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conjugates demonstrated high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition (IC: AChE, 0.265-4.

Manipulating button mushroom casing affects the disease dynamics of blotch and green mold disease.

Productive cultivation of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) relies on the use of selective substrates and effective disease management. In extending our previous work on manipulating the developmental microbiome (devome), this study employs the strategy of substrate passaging to explore its effects on crop outcomes and disease dynamics. Here we subjected the casing substrate to ten cycles of passaging.

Principles of Stereotactic Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Stereotactic procedures are used to manage a diverse set of patients across a variety of clinical contexts. The stereotactic devices and software used in these procedures vary between surgeons, but the fundamental principles that constitute safe and accurate execution do not. The aim of this work is to describe these principles to equip readers with a generalizable knowledge base to execute and understand stereotactic procedures.

A General Framework for Characterizing Inaccuracy in Stereotactic Systems.

Background And Objectives: Identifying and characterizing sources of targeting error in stereotactic procedures is essential to maximizing accuracy, potentially improving surgical outcomes. We aim to describe a generic framework which characterizes sources of stereotactic inaccuracy.

Methods: We assembled a list of stereotactic systems: ROSA, Neuromate, Mazor Renaissance, ExcelsiusGPS, Cirq, STarFix (FHC), Nexframe, ClearPoint, CRW, and Leksell.

Establishing a Perinatal Medical-Legal Partnership to Address the Health-Harming Legal Needs of Pregnant and Postpartum Birthing People.

This Report from the Field chronicles the establishment of Georgetown University's Perinatal Legal Assistance and Wellbeing Project, a medical-legal partnership in Washington, D.C. It describes foundational steps, implementation strategies, and lessons learned, and reflects on impacts of addressing the unmet legal needs of birthing individuals.

Emergent responsive neurostimulation in pediatric super-refractory epilepsia partialis continua.

Focal status epilepticus, particularly the motor variant of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), is a rare condition characterized by near-continuous, chronic focal motor seizures, and associated with poor outcomes. Medications, including anesthetics, are often unsuccessful. Surgical resection can result in motor deficits.

Do Metrics of Temporal Glycemic Variability Reveal Abnormal Glucose Rates of Change in Type 1 Diabetes?

Background: We aimed to identify the normal range of glucose rates of change (RoC) observed in health and assess whether existing metrics of temporal glycemic variability (GV-timing), such as mean absolute glucose change (MAG) and continuous overlapping net glycemic action (CONGA), are predictive of abnormally rapid RoC in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: We identified the normal range of RoC over one-hour intervals from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data of healthy individuals. Rapidly rising glucose was defined as RoC values above percentiles 99% (level 1, L1) or 99.

Access to affordable daycare and women's mental health in Rajasthan, India: Evidence from a cluster-randomised social intervention.

Background: Women in India are often responsible for unpaid household work, family caregiving, and paid work, which can contribute to poorer mental health. The provision of childcare has the potential to improve women's mental health, but evidence on the effects of providing access to daycare is limited.

Methods: We designed a cluster-randomised trial and used data from a sample of 2858 mothers with age-eligible children from 160 village hamlets in rural Rajasthan, India, to evaluate the impact of providing access to a community-based daycare programme on social and emotional aspects of women's mental health.

2-Arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-polyfluoroalkylpropanoic acids as selective and effective carboxylesterase inhibitors with powerful antioxidant potential.

A series of 2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo acids (AHOAs) was prepared by dealkylation of alkyl-2-arylhydrazinylidene-3-oxo-3-alkanoates with AlBr. Using X-Ray, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculations (QM), the existence of AHOAs in a thermodynamically favorable Z-form stabilized by two intramolecular H-bonds was established. All AHOAs had acceptable ADME parameters.

Beyond seizure freedom: Reduction in anti-seizure medication after epilepsy surgery.

Introduction: Patients considering therapeutic epilepsy surgery often seek to decrease the number of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) they need. Predicting such reductions remains challenging. Although predictors of seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery are well-established, long-term outcomes remain modest and factors associated with ASM reduction, even in the absence of seizure freedom, may improve surgical planning to align with patient goals.

Subthalamic nucleus neurons encode syllable sequence and phonetic characteristics during speech.

Speech is a complex behavior that can be used to study unique contributions of the basal ganglia to motor control in the human brain. Computational models suggest that the basal ganglia encode either the phonetic content or the sequence of speech elements. To explore this question, we investigated the relationship between phoneme and sequence features of a spoken syllable triplet and the firing rate of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons recorded during the implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Multiplexed Antibody Sequencing and Profiling of the Human Hemagglutinin-specific Memory B Cell Response following Influenza Vaccination.

Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen causing between 9.4 and 41 million infections per year in the United States in the last decade. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization, with the goal to reduce influenza severity and transmission.

Pollen foraging mediates exposure to dichotomous stressor syndromes in honey bees.

Recent declines in the health of honey bee colonies used for crop pollination pose a considerable threat to global food security. Foraging by honey bee workers represents the primary route of exposure to a plethora of toxins and pathogens known to affect bee health, but it remains unclear how foraging preferences impact colony-level patterns of stressor exposure. Resolving this knowledge gap is crucial for enhancing the health of honey bees and the agricultural systems that rely on them for pollination.

Effect of Ventilator Mode on Ventilator-Free Days in Critically Ill Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Rationale: For critically ill adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, the ventilator mode determines how breaths are delivered. Whether the choice of ventilator mode affects outcomes for critically ill patients is unknown. To compare the effects of three common ventilator modes (volume control, pressure control, and adaptive pressure control) on death and duration of mechanical ventilation.

Treatment of Anaerobic Digester Liquids via Membrane Biofilm Reactors: Simultaneous Aerobic Methanotrophy and Nitrogen Removal.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces useful biogas and waste streams with high levels of dissolved methane (CH) and ammonium (NH), among other nutrients. Membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs), which support dissolved methane oxidation in the same reactor as simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (ME-SND), are a potential bubble-less treatment method. Here, we demonstrate ME-SND taking place in single-stage, AD digestate liquid-fed MBfRs, where oxygen (O) and supplemental CH were delivered via pressurized membranes.

Evaluation of lap belt-pelvis load transfer in frontal impact simulations using finite element occupant models.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between lap belt tension and force measured at the iliac wing and the effects of model type and torso posture on this relationship. From this analysis, preliminary transfer functions were developed to predict loads applied to the iliac wing as a function of lap belt tension at magnitudes typically measured in sled and vehicle crash tests.

Methods: A DOE study was conducted to provide a robust assessment of the lap belt-pelvis load relationship under various conditions.

Analysis of contaminant residues in honey bee hive matrices.

Pollinators provide ecological services essential to maintaining our food supply and propagating natural habitats. Populations are in decline due to environmental stressors including pesticides, pathogens, and habitat loss. To better understand the impacts of pesticide exposures on colony health, a field survey in Ohio, USA was conducted to monitor the potential contamination of honey bee colonies by pesticides.

Isolation and characterization of IgG3 glycan-targeting antibodies with exceptional cross-reactivity for diverse viral families.

Broadly reactive antibodies that target sequence-diverse antigens are of interest for vaccine design and monoclonal antibody therapeutic development because they can protect against multiple strains of a virus and provide a barrier to evolution of escape mutants. Using LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing) data for the B cell repertoire of an individual chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we identified a lineage of IgG3 antibodies predicted to bind to HIV-1 Envelope (Env) and influenza A Hemagglutinin (HA). Two lineage members, antibodies 2526 and 546, were confirmed to bind to a large panel of diverse antigens, including several strains of HIV-1 Env, influenza HA, coronavirus (CoV) spike, hepatitis C virus (HCV) E protein, Nipah virus (NiV) F protein, and Langya virus (LayV) F protein.

Movement-related activity in the internal globus pallidus of the parkinsonian macaque.

Although the basal ganglia (BG) plays a central role in the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, few studies have investigated the influence of parkinsonism on movement-related activity in the BG. Here, we studied the perimovement activity of neurons in globus pallidus internus (GPi) of non-human primates before and after the induction of parkinsonism by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Neuronal responses were equally common in the parkinsonian brain as seen prior to MPTP and the distribution of different response types was largely unchanged.

Combined-electrical optogenetic stimulation but not channelrhodopsin kinetics improves the fidelity of high rate stimulation in the auditory pathway in mice.

Novel stimulation methods are needed to overcome the limitations of contemporary cochlear implants. Optogenetics is a technique that confers light sensitivity to neurons via the genetic introduction of light-sensitive ion channels. By controlling neural activity with light, auditory neurons can be activated with higher spatial precision.

GHSR blockade, but not reduction of peripherally circulating ghrelin via β-adrenergic receptor antagonism, decreases binge-like alcohol drinking in mice.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and binge drinking are highly prevalent public health issues. The stomach-derived peptide ghrelin, and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), both of which are expressed in the brain and periphery, are implicated in alcohol-related outcomes. We previously found that systemic and central administration of GHSR antagonists reduced binge-like alcohol drinking, whereas a ghrelin vaccine did not.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Implants for Chronic Motor Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Background And Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently characterized by chronic motor deficits. Therefore, this clinical trial assessed whether intracranial implantation of allogeneic modified mesenchymal stromal (SB623) cells can improve chronic motor deficits after TBI.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of the double-blind, randomized, prospective, surgical sham-controlled, phase 2, STEMTRA clinical trial (June 2016 and March 2019) with 48 weeks of follow-up was conducted.