Household air pollution and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-Infected adults.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 - March 2019).

Household Air Pollution and Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults.

Background: In developing countries, millions of deaths occur annually from household air pollution (HAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and HIV-infection. However, it is unknown whether HAP influences PTB risk among people living with HIV-infection.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study among 1,277 HIV-infected adults in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (February 2018 - March 2019).

Triple Therapy with Mometasone/Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium or Doubling the ICS/LABA Dose in GINA Step 4: IRIDIUM Analyses.

Introduction: GINA guidelines recommend increasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as a step-up option for patients with inadequately controlled asthma at GINA step 4 [inadequately controlled asthma on medium-dose ICS/long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA)]. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add-on to medium-dose ICS/LABA in patients at GINA 2022 step 4.

Methods: This post hoc analysis of the IRIDIUM study evaluated the change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume (FEV ) in patients receiving medium-dose MF/IND/GLY versus high-dose MF/IND and high-dose FLU/SAL at Week 26.

Efficacy of mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with inadequately controlled asthma with respect to baseline eosinophil count: Post hoc analysis of IRIDIUM study.

Background: Baseline characteristics could potentially guide asthma treatments. We evaluated whether baseline eosinophil levels affect the efficacy of mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium (MF/IND/GLY) in patients with inadequately controlled asthma.

Method: In this post hoc analysis of IRIDIUM study, efficacy of high-dose MF/IND/GLY (160/150/50 μg, once-daily [o.

Comparison of the effects of electronic cigarette vapours and tobacco smoke extracts on human neutrophils .

Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are electronic aerosol delivery systems composed of nicotine and various chemicals, which are widely used to facilitate smoking cessation. Although ECs are considered safer than cigarettes, they do, however, contain chemical toxicants, some of which may interact with cells of the host's innate immune system of which neutrophils constitute a key component.

Methods: The current study was designed to compare the effects of aqueous EC aerosol extracts (ECEs; with or without nicotine) with those of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on neutrophil and platelet reactivity Neutrophil reactivity is characterised by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation (elastase release) and the release of extracellular DNA (neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: NETosis), which were measured using chemiluminescence, spectrophotometric and microscopic procedures, respectively.

Efficacy of once-daily, single-inhaler, fixed-dose combination of mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium in patients with asthma with or without persistent airflow limitation: Post hoc analysis from the IRIDIUM study.

Background: A novel, once-daily, fixed-dose combination of mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide (MF/IND/GLY) delivered via Breezhaler® is the first inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting ꞵ-agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (ICS/LABA/LAMA) therapy approved for the maintenance treatment of asthma in adults inadequately controlled on ICS/LABA combination. In patients with asthma and persistent airflow limitation (PAL), maximal treatment, especially with combination is suggested. This post hoc analysis of data from the IRIDIUM study assessed the efficacy of MF/IND/GLY in asthma patients with and without PAL.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine in Older Adults.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection, lower respiratory tract disease, clinical complications, and death in older adults. There is currently no licensed vaccine against RSV infection.

Methods: In an ongoing, international, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, adults 60 years of age or older to receive a single dose of an AS01-adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein-based candidate vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) or placebo before the RSV season.

Sputum Color as a Marker for Bacteria in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Diagnosing bacterial infection as the etiology in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) remains challenging. Sputum discoloration is easily measured and often used as a marker of bacterial infection in AECOPD, although high-quality evidence for this practice is lacking. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of sputum color as a marker for bacteria in AECOPD.

Mometasone/Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium (MF/IND/GLY) and MF/IND at Different MF Strengths versus Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Xinafoate (FLU/SAL) and FLU/SAL+ Tiotropium in Patients with Asthma.

Background: Once-daily, single-inhaler mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate/glycopyrronium bromide (MF/IND/GLY, an ICS/LABA/LAMA) and MF/IND (an ICS/LABA) via Breezhaler have been approved for the maintenance treatment of patients with asthma inadequately controlled with medium-or high-dose ICS or medium-or high-dose ICS/LABA treatment.

Objective: Once-daily (o.d.

Single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol versus dual therapy in current and former smokers with COPD: IMPACT trial post hoc analysis.

Background: Smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In IMPACT, single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) triple therapy significantly reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rates and improved lung function and health status versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI in COPD patients. This post hoc analysis investigated trial outcomes by smoking status.

Home monitoring in interstitial lung diseases.

The widespread use of smartphones and the internet has enabled self-monitoring and more hybrid-care models. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated remote monitoring, including in the heterogenous and often vulnerable group of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Home monitoring in ILD has the potential to improve access to specialist care, reduce the burden on health-care systems, improve quality of life for patients, identify acute and chronic disease worsening, guide treatment decisions, and simplify clinical trials.

Unmet need in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Middle East and Africa region: An expert panel consensus.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a significant impact on healthcare systems and health-related quality of life. Increased prevalence of smoking is an important factor contributing to high burden of COPD in the Middle East and Africa (MEA). Several other factors including sedentary lifestyle, urbanization, second-hand smoke, air pollution, and occupational exposure are also responsible for the upsurge of COPD in the MEA.

One time a day mometasone/indacaterol fixed-dose combination versus two times a day fluticasone/salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma: pooled analysis from PALLADIUM and IRIDIUM studies.

Background: Despite currently available standard-of-care inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β-agonist therapies, a substantial proportion of patients with asthma remain inadequately controlled. This pooled analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate (MF/IND) versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate (FLU/SAL) in patients with inadequately controlled asthma.

Methods: This analysis included patients from PALLADIUM (NCT02554786) and IRIDIUM (NCT02571777) studies who received high-dose MF/IND (320/150 µg) or medium-dose MF/IND (160/150 µg) one time a day or high-dose FLU/SAL (500/50 µg) two times a day for 52 weeks.

Sputum colour as a marker for bacteria in acute exacerbations of COPD: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of years of life lost globally. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) drive disease progression, reduce quality of life and are a source of mortality in COPD. Approximately 50% of AECOPD are due to bacterial infections.

Cardiovascular safety of mometasone/indacaterol and mometasone/indacaterol/glycopyrronium once-daily fixed-dose combinations in asthma: pooled analysis of phase 3 trials.

Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular safety of two new inhaled fixed-dose combinations for treatment of asthma: (i) the inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA) mometasone furoate/indacaterol acetate (MF/IND), (ii) the ICS/LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) MF/IND/glycopyrronium bromide (GLY).

Methods: Patient-level data were pooled from four randomized trials, including 52-week studies PALLADIUM (n = 2216) and IRIDIUM (n = 3092), 24-week study ARGON (n = 1426), and 12-week study QUARTZ (n = 802). Cardio-/cerebrovascular (CCV) event frequencies were examined in the following comparisons: (1) LABA effect: pooled-dose MF/IND vs.

Tobacco Use and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals with Depression Who Are Receiving Treatment for HIV in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, and prevalence rates are high among people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly in men. Depression is also common among PLWH, especially among smokers, who may use tobacco to manage mood. Although HIV and depression have been linked to functional impairment and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), little research has examined the degree to which smoking impacts these relationships in low- and middle-income countries with high HIV burden.

Unrecognized Respiratory Morbidity among Adolescents and Young Adults in Nigeria: Implications for Future Health Outcomes.

Background: Lung function impairment is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Unrecognized respiratory morbidity may be a missed opportunity to improve future health outcomes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the relationship to spirometry abnormalities and respiratory diagnosis among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria.