2022 national survey of immunizing community chain pharmacists: The case for codifying the PREP Act emergency authorities into practice.

Background: Pharmacy-based immunization services have expanded since the mid-1990s but still face multiple challenges. Amendments to the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act broadened patient-care scope and the pool of eligible pharmacy personnel who could administer vaccinations. The expiration of these amendments in 2024 may threaten recent gains in vaccine and other health care access newly available through pharmacies.

Understanding Physicians' Perceptions of Patient-Identified Barriers to Osteoporosis Medication Initiation: A Cognitive Mapping Approach.

Objective: Interventions to initiate medication and increase adherence for postmenopausal women who have had a fragility fracture were not always successful. The purpose of this study was to derive an empirical framework for patient-identified barriers to osteoporosis medication initiation and adherence from physician experts.

Methods: A cognitive mapping approach involving nominal group technique (NGT) meetings and a card sorting and rating task were used to obtain formative data.

Identifying Patient Profiles for Developing Tailored Diabetes Self-Management Interventions: A Latent Class Cluster Analysis.

Purpose: Interventions that are tailored to the specific psychosocial needs of people with diabetes may be more effective than a "one size fits all" approach. The purpose of this study is to identify patient profiles with distinct characteristics to inform the development of tailored interventions.

Methods: A latent class cluster analysis was conducted with data from the ENCOURAGE trial based on participant responses to 6 baseline psychosocial measures, including trust in physicians, perceived discrimination, perceived efficacy in patient-physician interactions, social support, patient activation, and diabetes distress.

Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Settings: Effectiveness and Potential Strategies.

Purpose: Implementing efficacious physical activity interventions in real-world rural settings is needed because rural cancer survivors are more physically inactive and experience poorer health. To address this gap, this study evaluated effectiveness of an evidenced-based physical activity program (Better Exercise Adherence after Treatment for Cancer [BEAT Cancer]) for rural women cancer survivors when implemented by community-based, non-research staff.

Methods: 16 rural women cancer survivors received BEAT Cancer implemented by a rural, community organization and non-research staff; physical activity, patient-reported outcomes, and social cognitive constructs were measured at baseline and post-program.

Cognitive mapping as an approach to facilitate organ donation among African Americans.

Making up 13.4% of the United States population, African Americans (AAs) account for 28.7% of candidates who are currently waiting for an organ donation.

Community chain pharmacists' perceptions of increased technicians' involvement in the immunization process.

Background: Over the past 2 decades, pharmacists have positioned immunization services as an important aspect of their expanding role in patient care.

Objectives: To examine how community chain pharmacists view time spent on immunization, available in-store resources and barriers, and pharmacy technician involvement in the context of their views about the achievement of key National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice in their workplace.

Methods: A representative, nationwide survey was administered electronically to chain community pharmacists over a 4-week period.

Determining patient needs to enhance exercise program implementation and uptake in rural settings for women after a cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: To qualitatively explore exercise barriers and facilitators experienced by rural female cancer survivors from the program interventionist and recipient perspective for the purpose of enhancing exercise program implementation and uptake in rural settings.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was utilized. Focus groups were conducted prior to implementation of an evidence-based exercise program by a rural non-research cancer clinical site.

Input from multiple stakeholder levels prioritizes targets for improving implementation of an exercise intervention for rural women cancer survivors.

Background: Although evidence-based interventions for increasing exercise among cancer survivors (CSs) exist, little is known about factors (e.g., implementation facilitators) that increase effectiveness and reach of such interventions, especially in rural settings.

Hospice inpatient services provision, utilization, and financial performance.

Background: Hospice performance is an overlooked area in the health care field due to the difficulty of measuring quality of care and the infrequent quality inspection. Based on the daily reimbursement mechanism for different levels of hospice care, inpatient services provision could influence both hospice-level length of stay (LOS) and financial performance.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between hospice inpatient services provision and hospice utilization and financial performance.

Factors associated with the provision of inpatient care in hospices.

Background: Hospices provide end-of-life care to patients who have complex health care needs and whose symptoms are difficult to control. Understanding why some hospices offer inpatient hospice care to patients could bring more evidence for policy makers and researchers to focus on the role of inpatient care in hospice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine market and organizational factors that are associated with the provision of hospice inpatient care.

Optimizing the immunization activities of community chain pharmacists: Insights from a national survey.

Objectives: To assess (1) the practices, attitudes, and perceptions of immunizing chain community pharmacists regarding implementation of immunization services per the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice and (2) how community pharmacists view the effectiveness of corporate initiatives toward improving immunization volumes.

Design: Following extensive formative research and pilot-testing, a cross-sectional survey was administered electronically to chain community pharmacists over a 4-week period.

Setting And Participants: Respondents were chain community pharmacists engaged in year-round immunization in the United States, randomly sampled from a list of 9717 maintained by the American Pharmacists Association.

Beyond efficacy: a qualitative organizational perspective on key implementation science constructs important to physical activity intervention translation to rural community cancer care sites.

Purpose: To identify constructs relevant to implementation of evidence-based physical activity (PA) behavior change interventions for rural women cancer survivors from an organizational perspective.

Methods: During the development of a PA intervention implementation toolkit, 11 potential interventionists and 19 community and organizational stakeholders completed focus groups stratified by role. Narratives were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded for Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs.

Systematic review of the hospice performance literature.

Background: Hospice is the key provider of end-of-life care to patients. As the number of U.S.

Recommend, but also Discuss: Different Patterns of Physician-Perceived Barriers to Discussing HPV Vaccination and Their Association with Vaccine Administration in 11-12 Year-Old Girls.

Objectives We examined variation in primary care physicians' (PCPs') perceptions of barriers to physician-initiated discussion of HPV vaccination, and how this is associated with the rates at which they discuss, initiate and continue to administer vaccination with 11-12 year-old girls. Methods We surveyed 301 PCPs using systematic random sampling. PCP variation in perceived barriers to discussing HPV vaccination was modeled using latent class analysis (LCA).

Mapping Perceptions of Lupus Medication Decision-Making Facilitators: The Importance of Patient Context.

Objective: Numerous factors can impede or facilitate patients' medication decision-making and adherence to physicians' recommendations. Little is known about how patients and physicians jointly view issues that affect the decision-making process. Our objective was to derive an empirical framework of patient-identified facilitators to lupus medication decision-making from key stakeholders (including 15 physicians, 5 patients/patient advocates, and 8 medical professionals) using a patient-centered cognitive mapping approach.

Minorities with lupus nephritis and medications: a study of facilitators to medication decision-making.

Background: Medication decision-making poses a challenge for a significant proportion of patients. This is an even more challenging for patients who have complex, rare, immune conditions that affect them at a young age and are associated with the use of life-long treatment, perceived by some as having significant risk of side effects and toxicity.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to examine the perspectives of women with lupus nephritis on facilitators to medication decision-making.

Primary Care Physicians' Adherence to Guidelines and Their Likelihood to Prescribe the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine for 11- and 12-Year-Old Girls.

Background: Inadequate physician adherence to guidelines has received scant attention as a possible cause of suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates. We assessed the extent to which primary care physicians (PCPs) adhere to clinical guidelines and their reported intentions to prescribe HPV vaccine to females in the targeted age group, and how this is influenced by perceptions of guideline clarity and other factors.

Methods: We surveyed 301 PCPs to explore their sociodemographic and practice-related characteristics, beliefs, professional norms, and perceived barriers to administer HPV vaccine.

Barriers to Medication Decision Making in Women with Lupus Nephritis: A Formative Study using Nominal Group Technique.

Objective: To assess the perspectives of women with lupus nephritis on barriers to medication decision making.

Methods: We used the nominal group technique (NGT), a structured process to elicit ideas from participants, for a formative assessment. Eight NGT meetings were conducted in English and moderated by an expert NGT researcher at 2 medical centers.

Patient assessment of primary care physician communication: segmentation approach.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how patient assessment of primary care physician (PCP) communication is related to patient satisfaction with the PCP, patient perception of PCP professional competence, patient assessment of the relationship with the doctor and patient demographic characteristics using a segmentation approach.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors surveyed 514 adult patients waiting for appointments with their PCPs in two US primary care clinics. A latent class analysis was used to identify mutually exclusive unobserved homogeneous classes of patients.

Identification of strategies to facilitate organ donation among African Americans using the nominal group technique.

Background And Objectives: African Americans are disproportionately affected by ESRD, but few receive a living donor kidney transplant. Surveys assessing attitudes toward donation have shown that African Americans are less likely to express a willingness to donate their own organs. Studies aimed at understanding factors that may facilitate the willingness of African Americans to become organ donors are needed.

Resilience in the initial year of caregiving for a family member with a traumatic spinal cord injury.

Objective: Individuals who assume caregiving duties for a family member disabled in a traumatic injury often exhibit considerable distress, yet few studies have examined characteristics of those who may be resilient in the initial year of caregiving. Reasoning from the influential Pearlin model of caregiving (Pearlin & Aneshensel, 1994) and the resilience process model (Bonanno, 2005), we expected a significant minority of caregivers would be chronically distressed and another group would be resilient throughout the inaugural year of caregiving for a person with a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), and these groups would differ significantly in primary and secondary stress and in personal resources and mediators.

Method: Twenty men and 108 women who identified as caregivers for a family member who incurred a traumatic SCI consented to complete measures during the inpatient rehabilitation and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months postdischarge.

Teaching behaviors that define highest rated attending physicians: a study of the resident perspective.

Background: Better understanding teaching behaviors of highly rated clinical teachers could improve training for teaching. We examined teaching behaviors demonstrated by higher rated attending physicians.

Methods: Qualitative and quantitative group consensus using the nominal group technique (NGT) among internal medicine residents and students on hospital services (2004-2005); participants voted on the three most important teaching behaviors (weight of 3 = top rated, 1 = lowest rated).

Frictions as barriers to perioperative alignment: results from a latent class analysis.

The quality of the relationship between the sterile processing department (SPD) and the operating room (OR) is an important determinant of OR safety and performance. In this article, the concept of "friction" refers to the SPD behaviors and attributes that can negatively affect OR performance. Panels of SPD professionals initially were asked to identify and operationally define different ways in which behaviors of a hospital's SPD could compromise OR performance.