Histotripsy - hype or hope? Review of innovation and future implications.

Background: Histotripsy is a novel, ultrasound-based ablative technique that was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for hepatic targets. It has several promising additional theoretical applications that need to be further investigated. Its basis as a nonthermal cavitational technology presents a unique advantage over existing thermal ablation techniques in maximizing local effects while minimizing adjacent tissue destruction.

Utilization of Natural Language Processing Software to Identify Worrisome Pancreatic Lesions.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging is routinely obtained for diagnostics, especially in trauma and emergency rooms, often identifying incidental findings. We utilized a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to quantify the incidence of clinically relevant pancreatic lesions in CT imaging.

Patients And Methods: We utilized the electronic medical record to perform a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted for trauma to a level 1 tertiary care center between 2010 and 2020 who underwent abdominal CT imaging.

Medicaid expansion is associated with earlier diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Introduction: The 2014 Medicaid expansion was intended to improve access to care. We hypothesized that Medicaid expansion would be associated with improved gastric cancer (GC) outcomes.

Methods: We selected patients with a new primary diagnosis of GC from the National Cancer Database.

Curcumin and Carnosic Acid Cooperate to Inhibit Proliferation and Alter Mitochondrial Function of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells.

Anticancer activities of plant polyphenols have been demonstrated in various models of neoplasia. However, evidence obtained in numerous in vitro studies indicates that proliferation arrest and/or killing of cancer cells require quite high micromolar concentrations of polyphenols that are difficult to reach in vivo and can also be (geno)toxic to at least some types of normal cells. The ability of certain polyphenols to synergize with one another at low concentrations can be used as a promising strategy to effectively treat human malignancies.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Robotic vs. Laparoscopic Hepatectomy: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study of American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database.

Background: Robotic and laparoscopic hepatectomies having increased utilization as minimally invasive techniques are explored for hepatobiliary malignancies. Although the data on outcomes from these 2 approaches are emerging, the cost-benefit analysis of these approaches remains sparse. This study compares the costs associated with robotic vs.

Mitochondrial responses to organelle-specific drug delivering nanoparticles composed of polypeptide and peptide complexes.

The mechanistic study of the drug carrier-target interactions of mitochondria-unique nanoparticles composed of polypeptide-peptide complexes (mPoP-NPs). The isolated organelles were employed to address the direct effects of mPoP-NPs on dynamic structure and functional wellbeing of mitochondria. Mitochondria morphology, respiration, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, were examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and oxygraphy.

Implications for Telemedicine for Surgery Patients After COVID-19: Survey of Patient and Provider Experiences.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has expanded the utilization of telemedicine in clinical practice to minimize potential risks to both patients and providers. We aim to describe the perception of telemedicine by both surgical patients and providers to understand the preferences for future incorporation in future surgical practice.

Methods: An anonymous survey was administered to providers that transitioned clinic visits to telemedicine encounters since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Induction of Myogenic Differentiation Improves Chemosensitivity of Chemoresistant Cells in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Cell Lines.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare soft-tissue malignancies with the highest incidence in infants, children, and adolescents. Advanced, recurrent, and/or metastatic RMS and RT exhibit poor response to treatment. One of the main mechanisms behind resistance to treatment is believed to be intratumoral heterogeneity.

Danazol alters mitochondria metabolism of fibrocystic breast Mcf10A cells.

Fibrocystic Breast Disease (FBD) or Fibrocystic change (FC) affects about 60% of women at some time during their life. Although usually benign, it is often associated with pain and tenderness (mastalgia). The synthetic steroid danazol has been shown to be effective in reducing the pain associated with FBD, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms for its action have not been elucidated.

In Situ Operating Room-Based Simulation: A Review.

Objective: To systematically review the literature surrounding operating room-based in situ training in surgery.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted of MEDLINE. The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, and employed the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) structure to define inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Targeting of Cell Therapy Reduces In-Stent Stenosis in Injured Arteries.

Although drug-eluting stents have dramatically reduced the recurrence of restenosis after vascular interventions, the nonselective antiproliferative drugs released from these devices significantly delay reendothelialization and vascular healing, increasing the risk of short- and long-term stent failure. Efficient repopulation of endothelial cells in the vessel wall following injury may limit complications, such as thrombosis, neoatherosclerosis, and restenosis, through reconstitution of a luminal barrier and cellular secretion of paracrine factors. We assessed the potential of magnetically mediated delivery of endothelial cells (ECs) to inhibit in-stent stenosis induced by mechanical injury in a rat carotid artery stent angioplasty model.

Can Simulated Team Tasks be Used to Improve Nontechnical Skills in the Operating Room?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of a team-based surgical skills intervention on the technical and nontechnical skills of surgery residents.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study with pretesting or posttesting. We designed basic tasks for the assessment and learning of nontechnical skills in the operating room (OR).

Mitochondria-Mediated Anticancer Effects of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma.

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has attracted great interest due to its multiple potential biomedical applications with cancer treatment being among the most urgent. To realize the clinical potential of non-thermal plasma, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of plasma effects must be understood. This work aimed at studying the prostate cancer specific mechanisms of non-thermal plasma effects on energy metabolism as a central regulator of cell homeostasis and proliferation.

Tumor microenvironment promotes dicarboxylic acid carrier-mediated transport of succinate to fuel prostate cancer mitochondria.

Prostate cancer cells reprogram their metabolism, so that they support their elevated oxidative phosphorylation and promote a cancer friendly microenvironment. This work aimed to explore the mechanisms that cancer cells employ for fueling themselves with energy rich metabolites available in interstitial fluids. The mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in metastatic prostate cancer DU145 cells and normal prostate epithelial PrEC cells were studied by high-resolution respirometry.

Metabolic and structural integrity of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeted cell therapy.

Aim: To successfully translate magnetically mediated cell targeting from bench to bedside, there is a need to systematically assess the potential adverse effects of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) interacting with 'therapeutic' cells. Here, we examined in detail the effects of internalized polymeric MNPs on primary rat endothelial cells' structural intactness, metabolic integrity and proliferation potential.

Materials & Methods: The intactness of cytoskeleton and organelles was studied by fluorescent confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and high-resolution respirometry.

Patient-specific risk factors are predictive for postoperative adverse events in colorectal surgery: an American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-based analysis.

Background: Pay-for-performance measures incorporate surgical site infection rates into reimbursement algorithms without accounting for patient-specific risk factors predictive for surgical site infections and other adverse postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data of 67,445 colorectal patients, multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine independent risk factors associated with various measures of adverse postoperative outcomes.

Results: Notable patient-specific factors included (number of models containing predictor variable; range of odds ratios [ORs] from all models): American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3, 4, or 5 (7 of 7 models; OR 1.

Unique risks for mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing nonemergent colorectal surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify unique risk factors for mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing nonemergent colorectal surgery.

Methods: A multivariate logistic regression model predicting 30-day mortality was constructed for patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing nonemergent colorectal procedures. Data were obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2010).

Breast tumor detection using piezoelectric fingers: first clinical report.

Background: Mammography is key to detection of breast cancer in high-risk populations. Currently, aside from palpation and risk-assessment questionnaires, there is no prescreening test that can improve the accuracy, safety, and cost effectiveness of screening low-risk populations. The piezoelectric finger (PEF) is a radiation-free, portable, and low-cost breast tumor detector we developed to be used as a prescreening tool.

Magnetic nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy and enhance tissue regeneration in vivo.

Magnetic-based systems utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles and a magnetic field gradient to exert a force on these particles have been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. This review is focused on drug targeting applications that require penetration of a cellular barrier as well as strategies to improve the efficacy of targeting in these biomedical applications. Another focus of this review is regenerative applications utilizing tissue engineered scaffolds prepared with the aid of magnetic particles, the use of remote actuation for release of bioactive molecules and magneto-mechanical cell stimulation, cell seeding and cell patterning.