Validation of the hotspot for dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus targeting in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease: a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Visualisation of the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) remains challenging on 1.5 and 3Tesla T2-weighted MRI. Our previously defined hotspot, relative to the well-visualised medial STN border, serves as an MRI landmark for dorsolateral STN identification in deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Bidirectional Interplay between Deep Brain Stimulation and Cognition in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is efficacious for treating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the evidence regarding DBS effectiveness after postoperative cognitive deterioration, the impact of preoperative cognition on DBS effectiveness, and the impact of DBS on cognition.

Methods: Literature searches were performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (Cochrane library).

Dorsal subthalamic nucleus targeting in deep brain stimulation: microelectrode recording versus 7-Tesla connectivity.

Connectivity-derived 7-Tesla MRI segmentation and intraoperative microelectrode recording can both assist subthalamic nucleus targeting for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. It remains unclear whether deep brain stimulation electrodes placed in the 7-Tesla MRI segmented subdivision with predominant projections to cortical motor areas (hyperdirect pathway) achieve superior motor improvement and whether microelectrode recording can accurately distinguish the motor subdivision. In 25 patients with Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation electrodes were evaluated for being inside or outside the predominantly motor-connected subthalamic nucleus (motor-connected subthalamic nucleus or non-motor-connected subthalamic nucleus, respectively) based on 7-Tesla MRI connectivity segmentation.

Neuroimmune Modulation Through Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammatory Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients: A Prospective Open-label Study.

Background And Aims: Crohn's disease [CD] is a debilitating, inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. There is no cure and sustained clinical and endoscopic remission is achieved by fewer than half of patients with current therapies. The immunoregulatory function of the vagus nerve, the 'inflammatory reflex', has been established in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and biologic-naive CD.

Magnetoencephalography to measure the effect of contact point-specific deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A proof of concept study.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for disabling fluctuations in motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, iterative exploration of all individual contact points (four in each STN) by the clinician for optimal clinical effects may take months.

Objective: In this proof of concept study we explored whether magnetoencephalography (MEG) has the potential to noninvasively measure the effects of changing the active contact point of STN-DBS on spectral power and functional connectivity in PD patients, with the ultimate aim to aid in the process of selecting the optimal contact point, and perhaps reduce the time to achieve optimal stimulation settings.

Patient specific intracranial neural signatures of obsessions and compulsions in the ventral striatum.

. Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A new generation of stimulators hold promise for closed loop stimulation, with adaptive stimulation in response to biologic signals.

Acute effects of deep brain stimulation on brain function in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yet neural markers of optimized stimulation parameters are largely unknown. We aimed to describe (sub-)cortical electrophysiological responses to acute DBS at various voltages in OCD.

Methods: We explored how DBS doses between 3-5 V delivered to the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule of five OCD patients affected electroencephalograms and intracranial local field potentials (LFPs).

Efficacy and quality of life after 6-9 years of deep brain stimulation for depression.

Background: Given the invasiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS), the effect should prove to be stable over the long-term and translate into an improvement of quality of life (QOL).

Objective: To study the effectiveness and QOL up to nine years after the DBS surgery.

Methods: We treated 25 adult patients with major depression with DBS of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule (vALIC).

Utilizing 7-Tesla Subthalamic Nucleus Connectivity in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a highly effective surgical treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Combining 7.0-Tesla (7T) T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences allows for selective segmenting of the motor part of the STN and, thus, for possible optimization of DBS.

The Fast Gray Matter Acquisition T1 Inversion Recovery Sequence in Deep Brain Stimulation: Introducing the Rubral Wing for Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic Tract Depiction and Tremor Control.

Background: The dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) is currently considered as a potential target in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for various types of tremor. However, tractography depiction can vary depending on the included brain regions. The fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) sequence, with excellent delineation of gray and white matter, possibly provides anatomical identification of rubro-thalamic DRT fibers.

Evaluating and Optimizing Dentato-Rubro-Thalamic-Tract Deterministic Tractography in Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor.

Background: Dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) suppresses tremor in essential tremor (ET) patients. However, DRT depiction through tractography can vary depending on the included brain regions. Moreover, it is unclear which section of the DRT is optimal for DBS.

Deep brain stimulation response in obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with preoperative nucleus accumbens volume.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new treatment option for patients with therapy-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Approximately 60% of patients benefit from DBS, which might be improved if a biomarker could identify patients who are likely to respond. Therefore, we evaluated the use of preoperative structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting treatment outcome for OCD patients on the group- and individual-level.

Targeting of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery.

Precise stereotactic targeting of the dorsolateral motor part of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is paramount for maximizing clinical effectiveness and preventing side effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. With recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, direct targeting of the dorsolateral part of the STN is now feasible, together with visualization of the motor fibers in the nearby internal capsule. However, clinically relevant discrepancies were reported when comparing STN borders on MRI to electrophysiological STN borders during microelectrode recordings (MER).

Structural and functional correlates of subthalamic deep brain stimulation-induced apathy in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Notwithstanding the large improvement in motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS), apathy may increase. Postoperative apathy cannot always be related to a dose reduction of dopaminergic medication and stimulation itself may play a role.

Objective: We studied whether apathy in DBS-treated PD patients could be a stimulation effect.

Distance to white matter trajectories is associated with treatment response to internal capsule deep brain stimulation in treatment-refractory depression.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an innovative treatment for treatment-refractory depression. DBS is usually targeted at specific anatomical landmarks, with patients responding to DBS in approximately 50% of cases. Attention has recently shifted to white matter tracts to explain DBS response, with initial open-label trials targeting white matter tracts yielding much higher response rates (>70%).

Implementation of Intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (O-arm) for Stereotactic Imaging During Deep Brain Stimulation Procedures.

Background: Intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography (iCBCT) allows for rapid 3-dimensional imaging. However, it is currently unknown whether this imaging technique offers sufficient accuracy for stereotactic registration during deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of iCBCT, with the O-arm O2 (Medtronic), for stereotactic registration by comparing this modality to stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Deep brain stimulation modulates directional limbic connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Deep brain stimulation is effective for patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Deep brain stimulation of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule rapidly improves mood and anxiety with optimal stimulation parameters. To understand these rapid effects, we studied functional interactions within the affective amygdala circuit.

Motor effects of deep brain stimulation correlate with increased functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease: An MEG study.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established symptomatic treatment in Parkinson's disease, yet its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Locally in the STN, stimulation lowers beta band power, in parallel with symptom relief. Therefore, beta band oscillations are sometimes referred to as "anti-kinetic".

Defining the Dorsal STN Border Using 7.0-T MRI: A Comparison to Microelectrode Recordings and Lower Field Strength MRI.

Background: 7.0-T T2-weighted MRI offers excellent visibility of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is used as a target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD). A comparison of 7.