Campus climate impacts on sexual violence: a Bayesian comparison of undergraduate and community colleges.

Objective: Sexual violence is endemic on college campuses. Four-year campuses present high-risk environments for sexual violence and heavy episodic drinking is a robust risk factor for victimization. However, limited literature exists on sexual violence at two-year institutions, with most research focused on four-year campuses.

HIV co-infection increases the risk of post-tuberculosis mortality among persons who initiated treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Little is known regarding the relationship between common comorbidities in persons with tuberculosis (TB) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], diabetes, and hepatitis C virus [HCV]) with post-TB mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among persons who initiated treatment for rifampicin-resistant and multi/extensively drug-resistant (RR and M/XDR) TB reported to the country of Georgia's TB surveillance during 2009-2017. Exposures included HIV serologic status, diabetes, and HCV status.

Nonpharmaceutical Interventions in Georgia: Public Health Implications.

Objectives: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread, many states implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions in the absence of effective therapies with varying degrees of success. Our aim was to evaluate restrictions comparing two regions of Georgia and their impact on outcomes as measured by confirmed illness and deaths.

Methods: Using COVID-19 incidence data and mandate information from various web sites, we examined trends in cases and deaths using joinpoint analysis at the region and county level before and after the implementation of a mandate.

The Relationship between Health Literacy and COVID-19 Vaccination Prevalence during a Rapidly Evolving Pandemic and Infodemic.

The gap between how health information is communicated and what people understand and can use to make informed health decisions is called health literacy. This gap was exacerbated by the rapidly changing and excessive volume of information, misinformation, and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with lower health literacy may not have understood the importance of COVID-19 vaccination for themselves or for their communities.

Initiation of Pharmacotherapy Following CBT in Anxious Youth: Results From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS).

To describe youth with anxiety disorders who initiate pharmacotherapy following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in a prospective, randomized trial and to identify predictors of the decision to use pharmacotherapy. Data from CBT-treated youth (aged 7-17 years, N = 139) in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS), a multisite, randomized controlled trial that examined the efficacy of CBT, sertraline, their combination, and placebo for pediatric anxiety disorders ( criteria), were evaluated. Initiation of pharmacotherapy following acute CBT treatment was examined over a 24-week period; the study was conducted from December 2002 through May 2007.

Executive Functioning in Pediatric Anxiety and Its Relationship to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment Response: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

To characterize executive function in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its relationship to treatment. Using data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram in adolescents ( = 51) 12-17 years of age with GAD, we used the self-report version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-SR) to assess executive function, at baseline, and examined its relationship to treatment response as measured by the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). For all baseline subscores of the BRIEF-SR, T-scores were significantly elevated in adolescents with GAD compared to an age- and sex-matched normative healthy sample.

Strengthening Culturally Competent Health Communication.

Vulnerable refugee communities are disproportionately affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; existing longstanding health inequity in these communities is exacerbated by ineffective risk communication practices about COVID-19. Culturally and linguistically appropriate health communication following health literacy guidelines is needed to dispel cultural myths, social stigma, misinformation, and disinformation. For refugee communities, the physical, mental, and social-related consequences of displacement further complicate understanding of risk communication practices grounded in a Western cultural ethos.

Transmission dynamics and control of COVID-19 in Chile, March-October, 2020.

Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in Chile on March 3rd, 2020, a total of 513,188 cases, including ~14,302 deaths have been reported in Chile as of November 2nd, 2020. Here, we estimate the reproduction number throughout the epidemic in Chile and study the effectiveness of control interventions especially the effectiveness of lockdowns by conducting short-term forecasts based on the early transmission dynamics of COVID-19. Chile's incidence curve displays early sub-exponential growth dynamics with the deceleration of growth parameter, p, estimated at 0.

Transmission dynamics and control of COVID-19 in Chile, March-October, 2020.

Since the detection of the first case of COVID-19 in Chile on March 3rd, 2020, a total of 513188 cases, including ~14302 deaths have been reported in Chile as of November 2nd, 2020. Here, we estimate the reproduction number throughout the epidemic in Chile and study the effectiveness of control interventions especially the effectiveness of lockdowns by conducting short-term forecasts based on the early transmission dynamics of COVID-19. Chile's incidence curve displays early sub-exponential growth dynamics with the deceleration of growth parameter, p, estimated at 0.

The Relationship Between Refugee Health Status and Language, Literacy, and Time Spent in the United States.

Background: There are 3 million refugees living in the United States today whose health and wellbeing may be diminished by not being able to understand and use health information. Little is known about these barriers to health in multiethnic refugee communities.

Objective: This present study examined (1) the relationship between English proficiency, health literacy, length of time in the US, and health status; and (2) differences in poor health status caused by limited English proficiency and low health literacy individually and in combination to better understand which barriers might be addressed by improving refugee health.

Stillbirth Risk during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Arizona, USA.

The 1918 influenza pandemic, the deadliest pandemic on record, affected approximately 1/3rd of the population worldwide. The impact of this pandemic on stillbirth risk has not been studied in depth. In this study, we assessed the stillbirth risk during the 1918 influenza pandemic in Arizona, USA.

Protocol for a national probability survey using home specimen collection methods to assess prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody response.

Purpose: The U.S. response to the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has been hampered by early and ongoing delays in testing for infection; without data on where infections were occurring and the magnitude of the epidemic, early public health responses were not data-driven.

Early transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in a southern hemisphere setting: Lima-Peru: February 29-March 30, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan China has generated substantial morbidity and mortality impact around the world during the last four months. The daily trend in reported cases has been rapidly rising in Latin America since March 2020 with the great majority of the cases reported in Brazil followed by Peru as of April 15, 2020. Although Peru implemented a range of social distancing measures soon after the confirmation of its first case on March 6, 2020, the daily number of new COVID-19 cases continues to accumulate in this country.

Early transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in a southern hemisphere setting: Lima-Peru: February 29-March 30, 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan China has generated substantial morbidity and mortality impact around the world during the last four months. The daily trend in reported cases has been rapidly rising in Latin America since March 2020 with the great majority of the cases reported in Brazil followed by Peru as of April 15th, 2020. Although Peru implemented a range of social distancing measures soon after the confirmation of its first case on March 6th, 2020, the daily number of new COVID-19 cases continues to accumulate in this country.

Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 13-23, 2020.

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government. Limited epidemiological data are available, and recent changes in case definition and reporting further complicate our understanding of the impact of the epidemic, particularly in the epidemic's epicenter. Here we use previously validated phenomenological models to generate short-term forecasts of cumulative reported cases in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China.

Weight Trends in Veterans With and Without Diabetes, 2000 to 2014.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess weight trends and diabetes prevalence among US veterans.

Methods: Information from the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure Corporate Data Warehouse was used to construct data sets that included demographic data, diabetes status, and weight observations for males and females. Secular and longitudinal trends in mean weight were analyzed.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Characteristics among HIV-Positive Households Participating in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in Rural Western Kenya, 2008-2012.

Diarrheal illness, a common occurrence among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), is largely preventable through access to safe drinking water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities. We examined WASH characteristics among households with and without HIV-positive residents enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in rural Western Kenya. Using univariable logistic regression, we examined differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative households in regard to WASH practices.

Measuring the Impact of Environment on the Health of Large Cities.

The relative significance of indicators and determinants of health is important for local public health workers and planners. Of similar importance is a method for combining and evaluating such markers. We used a recently developed index, the Urban Health Index (UHI), to examine the impact of environmental variables on the overall health of cities.