An Improved P(V) Thio-Oligonucleotide Synthesis Platform.

Three critical advances in simplifying the adoption of P(V)-based stereopure, phosphorothioate-containing oligonucleotide synthesis are reported. A more inexpensive phosphorus-sulfur incorporation reagent () is introduced, a robust linker system was developed, and a systematic study of common nucleobase protecting groups was performed to significantly reduce the barrier to adoption of this technology.

The Doctor-Patient Relationship, Partnership Theory, and the Patient as Partner: Finding a Balance Between Domination and Partnership.

It is perhaps most useful to approach the Doctor-Patient relationship (DPR) by admitting that it's complicated. We review some of the strategies that have been employed to mitigate this complexity, zeroing in on one that promises to capture the main features of the DPR without eliminating some of its more important, existential components; pieces of the puzzle that must be retained if we are to avoid oversimplification and the errors that can arise by ignoring important foundational properties. We believe that a useful way to look at the DPR and to capture essential features that must be balanced in the process is provided by Partnership Theory and its definition in terms of the so-called domination and partnership systems.

Directed Evolution of 2'-Fluoro-Modified, RNA-Supported Carbohydrate Clusters That Bind Tightly to HIV Antibody 2G12.

Carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) are attractive targets in medicine and biology. Multivalency, with several glycans binding to several binding pockets in the CBP, is important for high-affinity interactions. Herein, we describe a novel platform for design of multivalent carbohydrate cluster ligands by directed evolution, in which serum-stable 2'-fluoro modified RNA (F-RNA) backbones evolve to present the glycan in optimal clusters.

Synthesis of Mannosidase-Stable Man and Man Glycans Containing S-linked Manα1→2Man Termini.

Oligomannose glycans are of interest as HIV vaccine components, but they are subject to mannosidase degradation . Herein, we report the synthesis of oligosaccharides containing a thio linkage at the nonreducing end. A thio-linked dimannose donor participates in highly stereoselective glycosylations to afford trimannose and tetramannose fragments.

The transition from inquiry to evidence to actionable clinical knowledge: A proposed roadmap.

Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: We consider the question "What should we do?" in the context of clinical research/practice. There are several steps along the way to providing a satisfactory answer, many of which have received considerable attention in the literature. We aim to provide a unified summary and explication of these "steps along the way".

The Impact of Sustained Immunization Regimens on the Antibody Response to Oligomannose Glycans.

The high mannose patch (HMP) of the HIV envelope protein (Env) is the structure most frequently targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies; therefore, many researchers have attempted to use mimics of this region as a vaccine immunogen. In our previous efforts, vaccinating rabbits with evolved HMP mimic glycopeptides containing Man resulted in an overall antibody response targeting the glycan core and linker rather than the full glycan or Manα1→2Man tips of Man glycans. A possible reason could be processing of our immunogen by host serum mannosidases.

Scientism recognizes evidence only of the quantitative/general variety.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: McHugh and Walker introduced a model of knowledge to demonstrate that EBM is a form of scientism that ignores important sources of knowledge thereby impairing the practice of medicine. We study the development of this model and explore additional applications.

Methods: Review of the relevant literature and identification of possible areas for fruitful application.

Predictors of Turnover Among Asian Foreign-Educated Nurses in Their 1st Year of US Employment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting turnover of Asian foreign-educated nurses (FENs), which may lead to improvements in retention strategies.

Background: Asian FENs working in the United States have considerable rates of turnover. Little is known about which factors are related.

Gender differences in use of hearing protection devices among farm operators.

Purpose: Although farm operators have frequent exposure to hazardous noise and high rates of noise-induced hearing loss, they have low use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Women represent about one-third of farm operators, and their numbers are climbing. However, among published studies examining use of HPDs in this worker group, none have examined gender-related differences.

Improving Nursing Communication Skills in an Intensive Care Unit Using Simulation and Nursing Crew Resource Management Strategies: An Implementation Project.

Effective interprofessional communication is critical to patient safety. This pre-/postimplementation project used a multifaceted educational strategy with high-fidelity simulation to introduce evidence-based communication tools, adapted from Nursing Crew Resource Management, to intensive care unit nurses. Results indicated that participants were satisfied with the education, and their perceptions of interprofessional communication and knowledge improved.

Communication Between Acute Care Hospitals and Skilled Nursing Facilities During Care Transitions: A Retrospective Chart Review.

HOW TO OBTAIN CONTACT HOURS BY READING THIS ARTICLE INSTRUCTIONS 1.3 contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity.

Turnover and Associated Factors in Asian Foreign-Educated Nurses.

Objectives: The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the gap between expected and perceived organizational experiences among Asian foreign-educated nurses (FENs) in the United States and (2) to examine factors associated with turnover in their 1st year of employment.

Background: Little is known about factors associated with turnover among Asian FENs.

Methods: A cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling was conducted.

Perception of Jordanian nurses regarding involvement in decision-making.

Background: Nurses in any organizational context are members of a team and cannot work independently. Teamwork requires making decisions frequently, and these decisions affect team performance on a regular basis. Ultimately, the team shapes the quality of patient care.

A critical examination of developments in nursing doctoral education in the United States.

Unlabelled: Graduate nursing education in the United States is undergoing major transformations, as a result of factors both within nursing and in the larger society.

Objective: In this paper the authors examine the trends and factors that are influencing the changes, especially in doctoral education, for both nurse scientist and advanced practice preparation.

Conclusion: The paper provides a background that serves as context, it gives an overview of the PhD and the DNP degrees, focusing on the recent changes and identifying the most compelling issues and concerns, ending with a series of recommendations.

Understanding the Effects of Mental Health on Reproductive Health Service Use: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Appropriate and woman-led health care for displaced women is essential to respecting basic human rights. In this article, we describe the results of an analysis of the association between mental health and reproductive health service use from a sample of Congolese refugee women residing in short- and long-term camps in Rwanda, with a post-hoc qualitative potion added to expand upon the data-based results. Our findings suggest that structural factors including health policy initiatives affect or even inhibit individual care choices.

Development of a brief screening tool for women's mental health assessment in refugee settings: A psychometric evaluation.

Background And Purpose: The detection of common mental disorders in humanitarian crisis settings requires a screening tool that is feasible to use as well as sensitive and specific. The Self-Report Questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization in 1994 to detect presence or absence of common mental health disorders, has frequently been used among conflict-affected and refugee populations. Our goal was to identify a highly predictive and reliable subset of items to serve as a screening tool that can be used in busy, over-crowded, and low-resource primary health care settings to identify women who need mental health attention.

Demographic and Socioenvironmental Characteristics of Black and White Community-Dwelling Caregivers and Care Recipients' Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

The purpose of the current study was to compare the association between caregiver background characteristics and care recipients' behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Black and White community-dwelling family caregivers. Using logistic regression models, caregiver/care recipient dyad data from the Aging Demographics and Memory Study were used to describe associations between caregiver background characteristics (i.e.

A mechanistic study of thioester hydrolysis with heavy atom kinetic isotope effects.

The carbonyl-C, carbonyl-O, and leaving-S kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were determined for the hydrolysis of formylthiocholine. Under acidic conditions, (13)k(obs) = 1.0312, (18)k(obs) = 0.

Nurses in the United States with a practice doctorate: implications for leading in the current context of health care.

The Institute of Medicine has recommended doubling the number of nurses with doctorates by 2020. The National Research Council has recommended a clearer distinction between doctoral preparation for a practice profession and that for the preparation of scientists. To support the central premise that both the research-oriented doctorate (PhD) and the practice-oriented doctorate, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP), are critical to achieve and expand doctoral education, we present current information regarding the impact of DNP programs, including enrollments, scholarly productivity of DNP graduates, and the employment setting of DNP scholars.

Parents' Analgesic Trade-Off Dilemmas: How Analgesic Knowledge Influences Their Decisions to Give Opioids.

Objectives: Ineffective analgesic decisions in the home may jeopardize the safety and comfort of children, yet little is known about factors influencing parental decisions. This study explored how parents' analgesic understanding influenced their hypothetical decisions to give opioids when faced with important trade-off dilemmas where pain and adverse drug event (ADE) symptoms were both present.

Methods: A total of 514 parents whose children required opioids after discharge completed surveys assessing their Gist ADE Understanding (ie, knowledge of opioid-related ADEs and their seriousness) and other comparative analgesic perceptions.

The impact of Sun Solutions educational interventions on select health belief model constructs.

The purpose of this study was to offer the Sun Solutions intervention to operating engineers (N = 232) to decrease sun exposure and skin cancer. The majority (82%) of the engineers worked outside between 10 a.m.

Development of an emergency nursing training curriculum in Ghana.

The formal provision of emergency health care is a developing specialty in many sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana. While emergency medicine training programs for physicians are on the rise, there are few established training programs for emergency nurses. The results of a unique collaboration are described between a university in the United States, a Ghanaian university and a Ghanaian teaching hospital that has developed an emergency nursing diploma program.

A kinetic isotope effect and isotope exchange study of the nonenzymatic and the equine serum butyrylcholinesterase-catalyzed thioester hydrolysis.

Formylthiocholine (FTC) was synthesized and found to be a substrate for nonenzymatic and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-catalyzed hydrolysis. Solvent (D2O) and secondary formyl-H kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were measured by an NMR spectroscopic method. The solvent (D2O) KIEs are (D2O)k = 0.

Factors associated with smoking among operating engineers.

Although disparities in smoking prevalence between white collar workers and blue collar workers have been documented, reasons for these disparities have not been well studied. The objective of this study was to determine variables associated with smoking among Operating Engineers, using the Health Promotion Model as a guide. With cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 498 Operating Engineers, logistic regression was used to determine personal and health behaviors associated with smoking.