Puff-by-puff resolved characterisation of cigarette mainstream smoke by single photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS): comparison of the 2R4F research cigarette and pure Burley, Virginia, Oriental and Maryland tobacco cigarettes.

Soft single photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) is applied for the characterisation and comparison of puff-by-puff resolved and total yields of cigarette mainstream smoke from single tobacco type cigarettes (Virginia, Oriental, Burley, and Maryland) and the 2R4F University of Kentucky research cigarette. Puff-by-puff characteristics of various smoke components within one cigarette type as well as between different cigarette types can differ tremendously. This is demonstrated by means of a few selected compounds.

Characterization of puff-by-puff resolved cigarette mainstream smoke by single photon ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and principal component analysis.

Soft single photon ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOFMS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied for the characterization and discrimination of the chemical patterns of all individual cigarette puffs from the 2R4F University of Kentucky research reference cigarette. The SPI-TOFMS was connected to a smoking machine, and 10 cigarettes were smoked under defined smoking conditions. A total of 41 detected mass signals could be clearly assigned to smoke constituents (e.

Investigation, by single photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), of the effect of different cigarette-lighting devices on the chemical composition of the first cigarette puff.

Soft single-photon ionisation (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been used to investigate the effect of different cigarette-lighting devices on the chemical composition of the mainstream smoke from the first cigarette puff. Lighting devices examined were a Borgwaldt electric lighter, a propane/butane gas lighter, a match, a candle, and the burning zone of another cigarette. To eliminate the effects of the different masses of tobacco burnt by use of the different lighting methods a normalisation procedure was performed which enabled investigation of changes in the chemical patterns of the resulting smoke.

The generation of formaldehyde in cigarettes--Overview and recent experiments.

In recent years much effort has been devoted to assessing the influence of tobacco ingredients on the chemistry and toxicity of cigarette mainstream smoke. All of the studies have indicated that commonly used tobacco ingredients do not change the toxicity of smoke as measured in specified assays. Also, the ingredients have little effect on the levels of most smoke constituents that may be relevant to smoking-related diseases.

Quantitative puff-by-puff-resolved characterization of selected toxic compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke.

Soft single photon ionization (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been applied for the quantitative puff-by-puff-resolved characterization of selected toxic species in cigarette mainstream smoke, namely, nitric oxide (NO), acetaldehyde, butadiene, acetone, isoprene, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene. The 2R4F research cigarette was investigated for whole smoke (unfiltered) and gas phase (filtered). It has been demonstrated that the existing smoking regime for total smoke analysis (smoke from a complete cigarette) features deficiencies when applied to puff-resolved measurements.

The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract.

Measurements on the retention of cigarette smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract have been undertake for more than 100 years. The first studies on nicotine retention were begun by Lehmann in Germany in 1903 and published in 1908. The first studies on the retention of smoke particulate matter were published by Baumbereger in the United States in 1923.

Application of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with laser-based photoionization methods for time-resolved on-line analysis of mainstream cigarette smoke.

The application of soft photoionization mass spectrometry methods (PIMS) for cigarette mainstream smoke analysis is demonstrated. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) at 260 nm and vacuum ultraviolet light single-photon ionization (SPI) at 118 nm were used in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). An optimized smoking machine with reduced memory effects of smoke components was constructed, which in combination with the REMPI/SPI-TOFMS instrument allows PIMS smoke analysis with a time resolution of up to 10 Hz.

An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity.

This paper presents an overview of a series of studies designed to assess the influence of 482 tobacco ingredients on cigarette smoke chemistry and toxicity. The studies are: pyrolysis of the ingredients; influence of the ingredients on smoke constituents believed by regulatory authorities to be relevant to smoking-related diseases ("Hoffmann analytes"); influence of the ingredients on in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of smoke partiulate matter; and influence of the ingredients on the inhalation toxicity of smoke. The present paper brings the salient features of these studies together.

The effect of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry. Part II: casing ingredients.

This is the second part of a study in which the effects of adding a range of ingredients to tobacco on the chemistry of cigarette mainstream smoke are assessed. The examination of smoke chemistry has concentrated on those constituents in smoke that regulatory authorities in the USA and Canada believe to be relevant to smoking-related diseases. In this part of the study the effects of 29 casing ingredients and three humectants have been assessed at the maximum levels typically used on cigarettes by British American Tobacco.

The effect of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry. Part I: Flavourings and additives.

The effects of 450 tobacco ingredients added to tobacco on the forty-four "Hoffmann analytes" in mainstream cigarette smoke have been determined. These analytes are believed by regulatory authorities in the USA and Canada to be relevant to smoking-related diseases. They are based on lists published by D.