Cerebral infarcts, edema, hypoperfusion, and vasospasm in preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Background: Eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication and is associated with cerebral edema and infarctions. However, the underlying pathophysiology of eclampsia remains poorly explored.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the pathophysiology of eclampsia using specialized magnetic resonance imaging to measure diffusion, perfusion, and vasospasm.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Utilization of Public Sector Radiological Services in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Background Coronavirus (COVID-19) was officially declared a pandemic in March 2020 and has had a major impact on global healthcare services, including radiology. However, little is known about the full impact of COVID-19 on the utilization of diagnostic imaging in Africa's public healthcare sector. Objectives The objective of this study was to compare public sector diagnostic imaging utilization by modality for the whole Western Cape Province (WCP) of South Africa (SA), as well as its metropolitan and rural areas, in 2019 and 2020 in terms of the absolute number of investigations and investigations per 1000 people.

Terminal quadrifurcation of the aorta: A case report.

Unlabelled: Congenital anatomical variations of the terminal aorta are rare. Given the increasing number of endovascular and laparoscopic procedures, such variations are likely to assume greater clinical significance. A 15-year-old male sustained a pelvic vascular injury following a stab to the left gluteus.

The use of lung ultrasound in COVID-19.

This review article addresses the role of lung ultrasound in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for diagnosis and disease management. As a simple imaging procedure, lung ultrasound contributes to the early identification of patients with clinical conditions suggestive of COVID-19, supports decisions about hospital admission and informs therapeutic strategy. It can be performed in various clinical settings (primary care facilities, emergency departments, hospital wards, intensive care units), but also in outpatient settings using portable devices.

Diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of deep organ tumours.

Background: Paediatric tumour cytological diagnosis by image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has not gained wide acceptance despite increasing publications advocating the procedure.

Objective: The primary aim was an audit of the diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE at a single institution. Evaluation of safety was a secondary aim.

Temporal trends in ultrasound utilisation in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital.

Background: Little is known about the combined impact of increasing ultrasound usage by clinical disciplines outside radiology and technical advances in other specialised radiological modalities on the role of ultrasound in tertiary-level radiology departments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in ultrasound utilisation in a tertiary-level radiology department.

Method: An institutional review board-approved retrospective descriptive study in the radiology department of Tygerberg Hospital (TBH).

Prevalence and Characteristics of HIV-Associated Stroke in a Tertiary Hospital Setting in South Africa.

Background And Objectives: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) era HIV-associated stroke data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We determined the prevalence of HIV in patients presenting with acute symptomatic stroke and compared risk factors, clinical characteristics, and brain imaging with age-matched stroke patients without HIV.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adults presenting with any type of stroke to Tygerberg Hospital in a 12-month period.

Temporal Trends in the South African Diagnostic Radiology Workforce (2002-2019).

Background To facilitate imaging resource planning and address key health targets of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, accurate data are required on imaging personnel at the country level. Such data are currently limited. Objectives This study aims to analyze trends in the number, geographical distribution, and demographics of South African (SA) diagnostic imaging personnel between 2002 and 2019.

A 6-year audit of public-sector MR utilisation in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

Background: Disparities in MR access between different countries and healthcare systems are well documented. Determinants of unequal access within the same healthcare system and geographical region are poorly understood.

Objective: An analysis of public sector MR utilisation in South Africa's Western Cape province (WCP).

National inventory of authorized diagnostic imaging equipment in Ghana: data as of September 2020.

Introduction: to address the challenge of inadequate and non-equitable distribution of diagnostic imaging equipment, countries are encouraged to evaluate the distribution of installed systems and undertake adequate monitoring to ensure equitability. Ghana´s medical imaging resources have been analyzed in this study and evaluated against the status in other countries.

Methods: data on registered medical imaging equipment were retrieved from the database of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority and analyzed.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatic Steatosis in Children With Perinatal HIV on Early Antiretroviral Therapy Compared to HIV-Exposed Uninfected and HIV-Unexposed Children.

Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for hepatic steatosis in South African children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) who started treatment early and remain on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-uninfected children.

Design: A cross-sectional study from April 2019 to October 2021. PHIV, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed (HU) children were enrolled from an ongoing cohort study.

After-hour trauma-radiograph interpretation in the emergency centre of a District Hospital.

Introduction: Plain radiographs remain a first-line trauma investigation. Most trauma radiographs worldwide are reported by junior doctors. This study assesses the accuracy of after-hour acute trauma radiograph reporting by emergency centre (EC) doctors in an African district hospital.

A digital audit of emergency upper gastrointestinal fluoroscopy workflow in children with bilious vomiting.

Background: Bilious vomiting in children requires an urgent evaluation with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) fluoroscopy as it may herald life-threatening midgut malrotation with volvulus (MMWV). There are no published data available on the duration of time-critical UGI workflow steps.

Objectives: A digital audit of workflow in emergency UGI contrast studies performed on children with bile-stained vomiting at a large South African teaching hospital.

Analysis of registered radiological equipment in Kenya.

Introduction: diagnostic radiology plays a key role in healthcare. Proper planning of healthcare requires accurate and robust data. There´s, however, paucity of comprehensive figures on radiological equipment in the African setting.

Paediatric pulmonary echinococcosis: A neglected disease.

Echinococcosis is a worldwide public health problem causing considerable paediatric morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. The presentation of cystic echinococcosis (CE) varies by age. Unlike adults, where hepatic involvement is common, pulmonary CE is the dominant site in the paediatric population.

Trends in public sector radiological usage in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: 2009-2019.

Background: Although global use of medical imaging has increased significantly, little is known about utilisation trends in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives: To evaluate changes over a decade in public sector diagnostic imaging utilisation at provincial level in a middle-income country.

Method: A retrospective analysis of medical imaging utilisation in the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2009 and 2019.

Towards equity: a retrospective analysis of public sector radiological resources and utilization patterns in the metropolitan and rural areas of the Western Cape Province of South Africa in 2017.

Background: The reduction of inequality is a key United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal (WHO, Human Resources for Health: foundation for Universal Health Coverage and the post-2015 development agenda, 2014; Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2020).

An audit of Zimbabwean public sector diagnostic ultrasound services.

Introduction: the provision of basic diagnostic imaging services is pivotal to achieving universal health coverage. An estimated two-thirds of the world's population have no access to basic diagnostic imaging. Accurate data on current imaging equipment resources are required to inform health delivery strategy and policy at national level.

Relative Sparing of the Left Upper Zone on Chest Radiography in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia.

The radiological findings of COVID-19 are well-described, including its evolution. In an earlier report of admission chest radiographs of patients with COVID-19, we anecdotally noted relative sparing of the left upper zone (LUZ). We subsequently aimed to describe the main chest radiograph findings in another cohort, focusing on zonal predominance.

A silver bullet? The role of radiology information system data mining in defining gunshot injury trends at a South African tertiary-level hospital.

Background: South Africa (SA) has no national injury surveillance system, and hence, non-fatal gunshot injuries are not routinely recorded. Most firearm-related injuries require multi-detector computer tomography (MDCT) assessment at a tertiary-level facility. MDCT scanning for victims with gunshot injuries thus provide an indication of the societal burden of firearm trauma.

An audit of registered radiology equipment resources in Uganda.

Introduction: the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) relates to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and provision of quality essential health services. The Government of Uganda has operationalized this through the National Health Policy which stresses the importance of availability of functioning medical equipment in health facilities. There have been efforts by the Ministry of Health and Atomic Energy Council in Uganda to compile an inventory of imaging equipment in the country, however, this information has not been widely published.

The Cinderellas of the scanner: Magnetic resonance imaging 'pre-scan' and 'post-scan' times: Their determinants and impact on patient throughput.

Background: Increasing demand for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed to extended patient waiting times worldwide. This is particularly true in resource-limited environments, prompting this institutional workflow analysis.

Objective: To determine the 'pre-' and 'post-scan' times for normal-hour MRI studies conducted at a tertiary-level, public-sector South African hospital and to assess any association with demographic details, patient characteristics, anatomical site and scan parameters.

Radiological response and histological findings in nephroblastoma: Is the any correlation?

Introduction: The Sociétè Internationale d'Oncologie Pédiatrique advocates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of nephroblastoma. Postoperatively, histological findings are used to assign risk classification to resected tumours. The aim of this study is to compare the response demonstrated by pre-operative imaging to the amount of necrosis seen on histology postoperatively.